Salicaceae Willow Family

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Salicaceae (Willow Family)
Habit trees or shrubs Leaves deciduous,
alternate, spiral or 2-ranked, simple, usually
serrate to dentate, the teeth salicoid (i.e.,
with veins expanding at the tooth apex and
associated with spherical, glandular
setae) Inflorescence determinate to
indeterminate, sometimes in erect to pendent
catkins Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants
dioecious), radial, often reduced, subtended by a
usually hairy bract in Salix and Populus Sepals
usually 3-8, distinct to slightly connate,
sometimes forming a disk-shaped to cup-shaped
structure or reduced to 1-2 small, fringed nectar
glands
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Petals 3-8, distinct, or lacking Stamens 2 to
numerous Pollen tricolpate, tricolporate, or
lacking apertures Carpels usually 2-4, connate,
ovary superior to half-inferior, with parietal
placentation, the placentae sometimes deeply
intruded and ovary then appearing axile, stigmas
usually 2-4, capitate Fruit a loculicidal
capsule, berry, or drupe, seeds often arillate or
with a basal tuft of hairs. Floral Formula
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Floral Diagram Distribution and Ecology
Widespread, occurring from tropical to north
temperate and arctic regions. Genera/species
58/1210 Major genera Salix (450 spp.), Casearia
(180 spp.), Homalium (180 spp.), Xylosma (85
spp.), Populus (35 spp.), and Banara (31 spp.).
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Economic plants and products Salix (willow) and
Populus (poplar, cottonwood, aspen) provide
lumber, wood pulp, and ornamentals. The bark of
Salix was used medicinally due to the presence of
salicylic acid, which reduces swelling and fever.
Certain species of Flacourtia and Dovyalis are
cultivated for their edible, fleshy fruits.
Several genera provide useful ornamentals, e.g.,
Oncoba, Casearia, Idesia, and Samyda.
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Salix babylonica
Salix exigua
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Salix caroliniana
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Salix interior
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Salix interior
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Populus tremuloides
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Populus alba
Populus deltoides
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Banara reticulata
Dovyalis hebecarpa
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Casearia bahamensis
Flacourtia inermis
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Oncoba spinosa
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Fabaceae (Legume or Bean Family)
Habit herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines/lianas
climbing by twining or tendrils Plant with a
high nitrogen metabolism and unusual amino acids,
often with root nodules containing
nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) Leaves
usually alternate, spiral to 2-ranked, pinnately
(or twice pinnately) compound, to palmately
compound, trifoliate or unifoliate, usually
entire, occationally leaflets modified into
tendrils, pulvinus of leaf and individual
leaflets well developed, and leaf axis and
leaflets usually showing sleep movements Inflores
cence almost always indeterminate Flowers
usually bisexual, radial to bilateral, with a
short, usually cup-shaped hypanthium Sepals
usually 5, distinct to more comonly connate
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Petals usually 5, distinct or connate, all alike
or the uppermost petal differentiated in size,
shape, or coloration (i.e., forming a banner or
standard), the lower two petals often connate or
sticking together and forming a keel, or widely
flaring Stamens 1 to numerous but usually 10,
hidden by the perianth to long-exserted, and
sometimes showy, filaments distinct to connate,
then commonly monadelphous or diadelphous (with 9
connate and 1, the adaxial, distinct) Carpels
1, distinct, elongate, and with a short
gynophore, ovary superior, with lateral
placentation, stigma 1, small Fruit a legume,
sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, or
indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. Floral
Formula
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Floral Diagram
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Distribution and Ecology Nearly cosmopolitan
the third largest family of angiosperms
occurring in a wide range of habitats. Genera/spe
cies 630/18,000 Major genera Astragalus (2000
spp.), Acacia (1000 spp.), Indigofera (700 spp.),
Crotalaria (600 spp.), Mimosa (500 spp.),
Desmodium (400 spp.), Tephrosia (400 spp.),
Trifolium (300 spp.), Chamaecrista (260 spp.),
Senna (250 spp.), Inga (250 spp.), Bauhinia (250
spp.), Adesmia (230 spp.), Dalbergia (200 spp.),
Lupinus (200 spp.), etc.
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Economic plants and products Fabaceae are second
only to Poaceae in economic importance.
Important food plants include Arachis (peanuts),
Cajanus (pigeon peas), Cicer (chickpeas), Glycine
(soybeans), Inga (icecream bean), Lens (lentils),
Phaseolus (beans), Pisum (peas), and Tamarindus
(tamarind). However, it should be noted that
many genera, including Abrus (rosary pea) and
Astragalus, are highly poisonous. Many genera
provide important forage plants, such as Medicago
(alfalfa), Melilotus (sweet clover), Trifolium
(clover), and Vicia (vetch). Ornamental species
occur in Acacia, Albizia (mimosa), Bauhinia
(orchid tree), Calliandra (powder puff), Cassia,
Cercis (redbud), Lathyrus (sweet pea), Lupinus
(lupine), Mimosa (sensitive plant), Robinia
(locust), and Wisteria. Commercial gums and
resins are extracted from species of Acacia and
Hymenaea Indigofera (indigo) is used as a source
of blue dye.
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Albizia julibrissin
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Albizia julibrissin
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Albizia julibrissin
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Acacia cornigera
Acacia nilotica
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Mimosa pudica
Prosopis juliflora
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Leucaena leucocephala
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Chamaecrista fasciculata
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Chamaecrista fasciculata
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Cercis canadensis
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Cercis canadensis
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Cassia grandis
Parkinsonia aculeata
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Delonix regia
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Lathyrus latifolia
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Glycine max
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Lupinus perennis
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Robinia x ambigua
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Amorpha canescens
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Amorpha canescens
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Dalea purpurea
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Dalea purpurea
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Erythrina herbacea
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Desmodium canadense
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Desmodium canadense
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Trifolium incarnatum
Sesbania punicea
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Wisteria floribunda
Vignea lutea