LASER SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

1
?????? ?????? ???????? LASER SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION

• Intensity fluctuations in laser links between the
  ground and a satellite

Shmulik-Shrenkel
2
2.??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?- RF?
????????? ??????? ?? ??????

• 1. ?????? ??????? ????.
• 2. ????? ???? - ????? ??????.
• 3. ????????? ?????? (????? ?????? ????? ????).
• 4. ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
• 5. ???????????? ?????? ???? (???? ?? ???? ??
  ????? ?? ??????).
• 6. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? RF (GHz).
• 7. ??? ???? (SNR ??? ?????).
• 8. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? RF (???? ??????
  ?????).

3
3.????????? ?? ??????

• Pointing Err.
• ????? ????? ????? ????.
• ?????? ???????? ?????????? .

4
4.?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????
?????
5
5.??? ???? ??????

• ????? ???? ????? ?"? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
• ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???.
• ????? ????? ??? ?????.
•  
• ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????
  ????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?? ??????.
• ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? (????????
  / ????? ??) ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??
  (????????????).
• ????? ?????? - ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?-
  10-3 rad .
• ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
  ????? ???????.
•   
• ????? ????? ????? 3 ?????
• ?. ???? ?????? ????? ????????? (????? ??? ?? ???
  ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????).
• ?. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???? ??????.
• ?. ???? ????? (????? ??????????).
•  
• ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ???????.
• ?????? 2 ????? ????? ?? Lnc2v ??? ???? ???
  ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????.
• ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ????? ??????? ?????.

6
6.??????????

• ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????
• ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ????.
• ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????.

7
7.???????????

• ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???
  "????????????" (????????).
• ???????????? , ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
  ?????, ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??
  ???"?.
• ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????
  (n), ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????
  ?????????, ?? ????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??
  ???.
• ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????,
  ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????.
• ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????
  (???? 10 ?"?).
• ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
  ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????
  ?????????? - ?????? ??? ?????.
• ???? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????
  ????? ?? ??????????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???
  ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??
  ????.

8
8.??????????? ??????????

• ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????
  ?? ?????? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??
  ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???"? ?? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????.
• ?????? ?????? ???"?, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
  ?????. ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
  .
• ????? ???? ????????, ???????? ???? ?????? ??? -
  ???? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
  ?????.
• ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????
  ??????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? /-30 ??? ???
  ???????? ????? ???? ??????. ??????? ??? ????? ???
  ????.
• ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ?? ????, ????, ???????, ???... ????
  ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
  ??????????? ????? (????? ?? ????????).

9
9.????? ?????? (stellar scintillation)?????
??????????.

• ????? ??????,
• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?????.
• ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????.
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??????
  ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???
  ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
  ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????,
  ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???.
• ?????, ?????? ???????? (?????) ?? ???? ??????
  ??????, ????? ???? ?? ????.
• ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ???? ??????
  ????? ?? ????? , ????? ???? ???????.

10
10.???? ??????????

• ???????? ?? ??????????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ??? ???? ????? ?????????.
• ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????
  ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????
  ???????.
• ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (??? ?? ????
  ??????) ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????.
• ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ????, ??? ?"? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????
  ????? ????.
• ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????, ???????? ?????? ??????
  (??? ?? ??????) ?? ??????? ???? ?????.
• ??????????, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????
  (??????) ??????? ?????? l0 , L0 ??????? ?? ????
  ????????? ?????? ????????.
• ????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????
  ?-40, ???? ???? ?????? ????? (????? ???? ??????
  ????? ??? ?????). ????? ?? ???, ????? ??
  ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????
  ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
  ????.

11
11.????? Rytov-Born

• Rytov ?- Born ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
  ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
• Born ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???
  ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ??? (??????
  ??????????), ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??
  ?????????? ?? ???.
• ????? ???,
• Rytov - ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??
  ???? ??????????? ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ???
  ????? (?????? ?????? ?????), ?????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???.

12
????? ???????? ?????

• ???? ?-UPLK ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???
• ????
• ?-
• ???? ?- DWLK
• (???? ??? ???? ???? ?- DWLK ???? ????
• ??????? ??- UPLK ?????? ??? ???? ??????)

13
12.?????? ?????? ??????

• Fried ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??
  ????? ????? ??????.
• ??? ??? ??- LogAmpVar ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ???
  ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????????.
• Titterton ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ????? ?- UPLK ??- DWLK, ???? ???????? ???? ??
  ?????? ?????.
• Minnot ??? ?? ?- LogAmpVar ???? UPLK / DWLK,
  ??????? ????? 1250 ?"? ??????? ?? 1mrad. ???????
  ???? ???? ?????? ??? 0.06-0.03 ??????? ????
  ???????? ?? Fried.
• Lightsey ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??
  60micrad ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????.
  ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? 0.5 ?-1.
• Shelton ???? ??????? ?? ????? UPLK, ???????
  ???? ?????? ?? Rytov ???? ?????? ??? ???????
  ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.
• ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? (UPLK /
  DWLK) ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?"?
  Fried.

14
13.??? ???????

• ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???
  (????? ???? ???) ??????? ??? ??????.
• ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????
  ??????.
• ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ???
  ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
  ?????????.
• ?"? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????
  ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????
  ??????? ?"? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??? ????????
  ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
  ?????-??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ?????.
• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????
  ?????????? ?? ??????????.
• ????? ????
• ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????
  ?????.
• ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? (????? ???? ??????
  ??? ??? ??? ????????).
• ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
  (??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????/????)
• ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
  (??? ????? ???????) ????? ??????? ???.

15
14.?????? ???????? - ???????

• ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ETS-VI (?????? ???
  KIKU-6).
• ??????? ???? ???? ?- 28.8.1994 ???? ??????? ?????
  ???, ??? ????? ???? H-II rocket.
• ??????? ???? ?? ???"? ???? - 14.4 ???? ??????
  ?????? ????????????, (??????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ???? ???? ????? ?- apogee , ??? ??? ?????? ????
  ???? ??????),
• apogee 7.1xRe, perigee 2.3xRe.
• ???? ??????? ??? ?-2 ???, ????? ?????? (??????)
  ?????? ?? 3.0 x 2.0 x 2.8m (29.9 ? ?????????
  ???????? ??? ??????).
• ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
• ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ???????????? (??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????)
  ????? ???? ???
• ETS-VI Engineering Test Satellite-VI

16
15.?????? ???????? - ???????? ???????

• ???? ??? ?? ?- DWLK ??? 0.83 ??????, ????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ??? 7.5cm, ???? ??? ????? ?????.
  ????? ????? ??????????? ?? 2msec, ?????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?? 0.1nW.
• ???? ?????? ??? 4.1mW, ?????? ??????????? ??? 30
  micrad.
• ????? Fine-And-Coarse ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????.
  

17
16.?????? ???????? ???? ?????

• ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ???.
• ???? 122 ? (??? ???? ???),
• ?? ???? 35.7 ????? ????,
• ?? ???? 139.5 ????? ????.

18
17.?????? ???????? ??????? ??????

• ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? 1.5 ?. ????? ??
  ??????? ???? ??? 0.2 ?.
• ????? ?- CCD ??- APD ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ?????.
• ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???
  ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??
  ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ?- QD.
• ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? 23 microrad
  (???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ???????). ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 3micrad, ?????
  ????? ?? 1 ? (????? ???? ?"? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????). ????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 20 mrad/s.

19
18.???? - ??????

• ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????
  ???, ????? ????????? ??? ????? (??? ???? ?????).
• ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ????
  ??????? - ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
  ???????, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????
  ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? (UPLK). ????
  ?????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ????? ???????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?- UPLK ?-
  DWLK.

20
19.???? ??????

• 1. ?- 11 ????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? (D0.2m) ??? ??? ??, ??????
  ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  (D1.5m), ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?"? ?????
  ???????? (???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????
  ????? ???? ????????, ???????? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??).
• ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
  ???? ????????? (???? ??????).
• ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 3.5 ????, ?? ???
  ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???. ?????,
  ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????-???????, ????
  ???????-??????? ?? ??? ?? 22 ?????, ?? ??? ?????
  ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????????.
  (???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???).
• ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? 0.83micron
  ????? ????? ???? 205 (???? ???),
• ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? 28,100 ?"? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?? 0.39 ????? (???? ?????).
• ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????
  ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? 1msec (???????
  ????? ?????? Voltage, ????? ?????? ?? ?????
  pw/cm2).

21
20.?????? ?????? UPLK

• ????? ?????? ???????? ???
• ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 11 ??????, ?-
  ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
• ???? ???? ????????? ???
• ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?-
• ???? ??, ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???.
• ?????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????
  ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????.

22
21.?????? ?????? ?????? ??? - UPLK Stellar
Scintillation

• ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ?- UPLK.
• ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ???? ?????????, ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ???????.
• ???? ????? ??????? , ????? ????? ????? ????
  ?????? ??????? ?? Fried.
• ???? ??????? ???? (D0.2m), ?????? ????? ?? 0.83
• ???? ??????? ????? (D1.5m), ?????? ????? ?? 0.91
• (?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????
  ??????, ???? ????? ?? 0.94 ???? ??????? ????, ???
  ????? ????? ????
• ???? ??????? ?????).
• ???? ?? ???? ?????
• ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????
• ??? ???? ???? ?????.
• ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
• ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.

23
22.?????? ?????? DWLK

• ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?- DWLK ??? 0.1m
• ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? 1.1m
• ???? ???, ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????
  ???? ????????? ??? 0.87 (??? ?????? ??????).
• ?????, ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???
  ???????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ????? ??
  ??????. ???? ??????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ????
  ??????.
• ??? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? (?????
  ??????).
• ??? ??, ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ???? ?- DWLK ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????
  ?????????.

24
23.??????

• ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????
  ????? ????? ????????.
• ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????.
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????
  ?? ???
• ?- UPLK ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????,
  ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ?- UPLK.
• ???? ?- DWLK, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????.

25

• ????...

????...
????...
????...