Protective Clothing

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Protective Clothing Equipment
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Where are we?

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Awareness Review
• 3 Surveying the HazMat Incident
• 4 Hazard Risk Assessment
• 5 Intro to Incident Command
• 6 Protective Clothing Equipment
• 7 Hazardous Materials Control
• 8 Decontamination
• 9 Termination Procedures
• 10 Safety
• 11 Conclusion

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Protective Clothing Equipment

• The purpose of personal protective clothing and
  equipment is to shield or isolate individuals
  from the different forms of harm that may be
  encountered at a work site

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Protective Clothing Equipment

• No one type or combination of personal protective
  equipment (PPE) can provide a sufficient barrier
  against all hazards likely to be encountered

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Protective Clothing Equipment Overview

• I. Principles of Protection
• II. Respiratory Protection
• III. Protective Clothing

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I. Principles of Protection

• A. Time
• B. Distance
• C. Shielding

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Time
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Principles of Protection Time

• As with any other type of exposure, such as
  sunburn, the longer the individual is exposed to
  the hazardous material, the more likely it is
  that injury will occur

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Principles of Protection Time

• Extended exposure will also contribute to the
  degree of injury

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Distance
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Principles of Protection Distance

• The farther away one is from the source of harm,
  the less the concentration available for exposure

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Principles of Protection Distance

• All personnel not directly involved in the
  operation (including spectators) should be kept
  at a safe distance

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Principles of Protection Distance
The proper use of perimeters is the most
effective method for applying this principle
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Principles of Protection Distance

• How to establish safe perimeters
• will be addressed later in this course

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Shielding
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Principles of Protection Shielding

• Shielding is generally thought of as a wall or
  possibly a lead shield
• In the context of hazardous materials it also
  refers to the protective clothing worn by the
  worker

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Principles of Protection Shielding

• The IC must be familiar with compatibility
  requirements of various protective fabrics and
  materials when they are placed in contact with
  the hazardous material

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Principles of Protection Shielding

• It should never be assumed that protective
  clothing materials will provide adequate
  protection regardless of the hazardous material
  involved

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II. Respiratory Protection

• The respiratory system is the primary route for
  chemical exposures in the work place

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II. Respiratory Protection

• The respiratory surface of the lung is between
  300 and 1000 square feet for the average human
  being

This lung surface is very thin and extremely
delicate
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Respiratory Protection Legal Requirements

• OSHA legislation, contained in the Respiratory
  Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134), introduced
  certain requirements for respirator use, testing,
  and certification

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Respiratory Protection Legal Requirements

• The employer shall not permit respirators to be
  worn by employees who have any condition that
  interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or
  valve function

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Respiratory Protection Types of Protection

• Air-purifying respirators (APR)
• Supplied-air respirators (SAR)
• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR)
Full-mask
Half-mask
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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Application
Air-purifying respirators use a filter or sorbent
cartridge to remove airborne contaminants from
the breathing air before the air is inhaled
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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Application
APRs are not recommended for use by first
responders in the emergency phase of a hazardous
material incident
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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Components
1
2
1. face piece 2. filter/sorbent
cartridge 3. exhalation valve
3
3
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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Advantages

• the lightest in weight of any type of respirator
• the least expensive
• some are disposable

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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Limitations
All APRs become saturated with contaminants
through normal use This causes breathing
difficulty
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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Limitations

• APRs do not supply oxygen
• At least a 19.5 concentration of oxygen must be
  available to use APRs, and the contaminant(s)
  must be positively identified

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Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Limitations
This requires moni-toring the atmos-phere to
identify the contaminant, the contaminant
concen-tration, and the oxy-gen content
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Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR)
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Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR) Application
Supplied-air respirators derive their name from
the fact that air is supplied to the wearer from
a source some distance from the wearer's
workstation
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Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR) Components

• face piece
• exhalation valve
• breathing tube
• remote air supply

regulator escape bottle air supply tube
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Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR) Advantages

• protect the wearer from particles or gases, and
  supply oxygen
• allow for extended use
• cool the wearer
• are lighter than SCBA

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Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR) Limitations

• hose length is limited
• airline may become twisted and tangled
• wearer is required to enter and exit the work
  area along the same path

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Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs) Limitations

• hose may not be compatible with hazardous
  substances
• escape bottles are required
• require continual monitoring and maintenance

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Application

• The respiratory protection most often used in
  hazardous materials incidents is self-contained
  breathing apparatus (SCBA)
• The SCBA uses a source of breathable air carried
  by the wearer

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Components
2

• 1. air cylinder valve
• 2. air supply tube
• 3. regulator
• 4. face piece
• 5. exhalation valve

4
1
5
3
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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Components

• SCBA that use a belt-mounted regulator will also
  have a low-pressure breathing tube

Belt-mounted regulator
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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Advantages

• highest level of respiratory protection available
• portable air supply
• increased mobility
• reduced potential for injuries

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Limitations

• limited work duration
• increased weight
• increased stress to wearer

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Types

• SCBA for entry into and escape from a hazardous
  material incident are available in two basic
  design types
• open circuit
• closed circuit

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Open Circuit
SCBA

• Open circuit SCBA is so named because the exhaled
  air is discharged directly to the outside
  atmosphere
• This is the type of SCBA most widely used today

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Closed
Circuit SCBA

• In the closed circuit ("rebreather) SCBA the
  exhaled air is recycled
• Carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is
  replenished

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Closed
Circuit vs.. Open Circuit

• Closed circuit advantages
• last longer
• generally are lighter in weight

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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Closed
Circuit vs. Open Circuit

• Closed circuit limitations
• include hazardous material
• generate heat

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Respirator Selection

• Guidelines for HazMat First Responders

SCBAs recommended SARs have limited
application APRs not recommended for emergency
operations!
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Respirator Selection Guidelines for First
Responders
SCBAs recommended SCBAs will be used most often
for hazardous atmospheres or atmospheres that
have not been monitored
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Respirator Selection Guidelines for First
Responders
Supplied-air respirators have limited application
under certain conditions
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Respirator Selection Guidelines for First
Responders
APRs not recommended for emergency operations
unless advanced air monitoring techniques
determine that APRs provide a safe level of
protection
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Respiratory Protection Physical Requirements

• The use of respirators places a strain on the
  wearers cardiovascular system
• Claustrophobic people may not be able to wear
  respirators

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Respiratory Protection Physical Requirements
OSHA requires a medical exam prior to wearing a
respirator for work
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Respiratory Protection Physical Requirements
Fit-testing shall be performed on the employee
in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134(f) prior to
wearing a respirator for work
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Respiratory Protection Respirator Care

• Essential to the use of respiratory protective
  equipment is care and cleaning

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Respiratory Protection Respirator Care

• You must follow manufacturers' guidelines for the
  care of their equipment

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III. Protective Clothing Classes

• We will examine three general classes of
  protective clothing
• structural firefighting
• high-temperature
• chemical

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Protective Clothing Classes Structural
Firefighting

• Structural firefighter protective clothing is
  designed to protect the wearer from the ordinary
  hazards of structural fires when worn properly

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes Structural
Firefighting

• helmet
• hood
• SCBA
• boots

facepiece coat gloves pants
Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes Structural
Firefighting
Limitations

• can absorb chemicals readily
• offers no protection against chemical permeation
  or degradation
• subject to failure when exposed to chemicals

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes Structural
Firefighting
Limitations

• continued use can cause chronic exposure if not
  properly decontaminated
• may not be able to be fully decontaminated

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes High-temperature

• Specialized high-temperature clothing is designed
  to provide protection against brief radiant heat
  exposures in temperatures as high as 2,000
  Fahrenheit

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes High-temperature

• Proximity suits consist of a one or two-piece
  overgarment with hood, gloves, and occasionally
  boot covers of an aluminized nylon or cotton
  fabric

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes High-temperature

• Specialized high-temperature fire entry suits are
  designed to protect the wearer against abnormally
  high temperatures for a maximum of 2 to 3 minutes

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes High-temperature

• Limitations
• provides no chemical protection
• SCBA and auxiliary cooling required

Not designed for use in chemical emergencies
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Protective Clothing Classes Chemical Protective

• Chemical protective clothing is designed to
  protect the wearer from chemical contact with the
  skin or eyes

Not designed for use in flammable atmospheres
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Protective Clothing Classes Chemical Protective

• Its construction is characterized by
• chemical-specific compatibility
• lack of thermal protection
• ability to be either reusable or disposable
• encapsulating or non-encapsulating

Not designed for use in flammable atmospheres
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Protective Clothing Classes Chemical Protective
Encapsulating Suit
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Protective Clothing Classes Chemical Protective
Non-encapsulating Suit