Zygomycota zygote fungi

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Zygomycota- zygote fungi Ascomycotta- sac
fungi Basidomycota-club Fungi Deuteromycota-imperf
ect Fungi
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• Fungal cell walls are made of Chitin
• not cellulose.

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Fungal structures

• Hyphae- threadlike filaments which make up fungi
• Mycellium-a mass of hyphae
• Septa- cross partitions or walls in fungal cells(
  may contain several nuclei)
• Many nuclei in one giant cell ( coenocytic)

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No loco-motor structures

• Spores are spread by air movement

Hyphae attach to food source and absorb
nutrients. Feed by diffusion Digestion of food
is extracellular- enzymes released by the fungal
hyphae break down food for feeding by diffusion
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• Budding-asexual reproduction (mitosis) in yeast
• Fragmentation-asexual reproduction where hyphae
  breaks up into smaller parts and grows into an
  entire organism
• Spores-sexual or asexual reproductive cell that
  can withstand harsh conditions.

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Fungus Facts

• Fungus are found everywhere in the environment
• Fungus form saprophytic, parasitic, and
  mutualistic associations

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Zygomycota

• Bread molds and mycorrhizae
• Rhizoids hyphae that penetrate food source and
  anchor fungi
• Stolon-hyphae that grow horizontally along
  surface of food
• sporangium-form asexual spores
• zygospores-erect hyphae with sporangia produce
  spores
• and - mating strains gametangia ( hyphae ) fuse
  forming dikaryotic zygospores-thick walled spores
  that are adapted to harsh conditions

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Alternation of Generation in Fungi

• Coencytic- many nuclei in one large cell
• dikaryotic- two haploid nuclei in one cell that
  have not fused
• plasmogamy- fusion of cytoplasm without nuclear
  fusion
• karyogamy-fusion of nuclei

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• Common bread mold

sporangia
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Ascomycota

• From unicellular yeast to Morells
• many are mutualistic ( Lichens)
• conidia-asexual spores produced in chains or
  clusters
• ascus-terminal sac where sexual spores are
  produced
• ascospores-ssexual spores produced within ascus

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Haploid spores
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Parasitic forms

• Haustoria- hyphae which penetrate living cells
  (parasitic)

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morrel
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Basidomycota

• Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, and rusts
• produce spores on a club shaped basidia during a
  short diploid stage
• basidocarp- fruiting body of dikaryotic hyphae
• basidospores-spores form as result of sexual
  reproduction on basidia

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mushrooms
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Gills on underside of cap
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Deuteromycota

• Imperfect fungi
• reproduce only asexually
• pennicillin mold, bleu cheese

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Lichens

• Symbiotic association of Fungus and algae
• Mutualism fungus absorbs moisture and minerals
  providing a suitable growing area/ algae provides
  carbohydrates by photosynthesis

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Crustose
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Fruticose
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Foliose
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Mycorrhizae

• Fungal hyphae form a beneficial (mutualistic)
  relationship with plant roots

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Anthracnose
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Leaf Spot
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Athletes Foot Fungus
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Nail Fungus
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Ringworm
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Thrush