Green Oak Tortrix Tortrix viridana

1
Green Oak TortrixTortrix viridana
2
Green Oak Tortrix

• Other common names European oak leaf roller, oak
  leaf roller, green oak leaf roller, pea-green oak
  curl moth
• Pest of Oak species
• Native of Europe, Northern Africa, Iran, and
  Israel
• Not yet present in the United States.

Image credits Green tortrix-Wikipedia
https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana
3
Global Distribution of the Green Oak Tortrix
Image credits Tortrix viridana Global
distribution Plantwise http//www.plantwise.org/
KnowledgeBank/PWMap.aspx?speciesID44378dsID5420
6locglobal
4
Distribution of Suitable Hosts in the U.S.

• Distribution of Oak species in North America
• Potential distribution of green oak tortrix

Image credits Oak distribution map-Marco Castro
file///C/Users/bwhitman/Downloads/9783540289081-
c1.pdf
5
Pest of Oak

• Pest of all oak species (Quercus spp.)

Image credits Wikipedia https//en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Oak
6
Damage
Look for

• Rolled leaves
• Defoliation
• Feeding damage on leaves
• Leaves joined with silk

Image credits Rolled leaves FAO P. Kapitola
Accessed 6/3/16 http//www.fao.org/3/a-i4084e.pdf
Image 5378850 - Bugwoood Milan Zubrik
http//www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub931
9
7
Life cycle
Eggs
Adult
Larvae
Pupae
Image credit Eggs UGA1220081 Wikipedia
https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana
Larvae Milan Zubrik Bugwood.org 5378110
Bugwood.org Pupae Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood.org
5429227 Adult Milan Zubrik Bugwood.org 5378849
8
Identification

• Adults

• Wing span of 9-11mm
• Bright to pale green forewing
• Gray hindwing
• No markings on wings

Image credits On leaf - Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood.org
5429226 Pinned - Milan Zubrik Bugwood.org 5378849

9
Lookalikes - Adults
Green Oak Tortrix
Bicolored Chloraspilates Moth
VS

• Spots and a pale brown strip on top edge of
  forewing
• Brown hindwing
• Faint darker band on hindwing

• Solid green forewing
• Gray hindwing
• No markings

Image credits Green oak tortrix - Milan Zubrik
Bugwood.org 5378849 Chloraspilates Moth Lon
Brehmer and Enriqueta Flores http//bugguide.net/n
ode/view/639353
10
Identification

• Pupae

• Roll up leaves using silk
• Pupate between leaves
• Pupation lasts 2 to 3 weeks

Image credit Fabio Stergulc Bugwood.org
UGA1297009
11
Identification

• Larvae

• 15 to 20 mm long
• Green to gray body
• Brown to black head
• Black legs
• Hatch in spring

Image credits Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood.org 5429143
12
Identification

• Eggs

• Laid in cement like mass
• Disguised by dust and algae
• Round
• 0.7mm wide
• Begin light yellow, then change to brown

Image credits Eggs UGA1220081 Wikipedia
https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana
13
Monitoring
Delta trap
Moth (funnel) trap

• Use pheromones for monitoring
• Delta traps are the most effective
• Moth traps are best if area is dusty
• Traps and pheromone lures can be bought online

Image credits Delta trap - USDA APHIS PPQ,
Bugwood.org UGA2652094 Moth/funnel trap USDA
http//www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/person/11809/
2014_guerrero_etal_00.pdf 
14
Chemical Control

• No effective biological controls
• BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticide control
• BT was better with pyrethroid or acylurea
  insecticides

Bacillus thuringiensis (BT)
Aerial spray plane
Image credits Bt gram stain - https//en.wikipedi
a.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis Plane - David
McComb, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org 
UGA1678077 http//www.forestryimages.org/browse/de
tail.cfm?imgnum1678077
15
Suspect Sample Submissions

• Contact your State Department of Agriculture or
  University Cooperative Extension laboratory
• http//www.npdn.org/home
• PPQ form 391, Specimens for Determination
• https//www.aphis.usda.gov/library/forms/pdf/PPQ_F
  orm_391.pdf

An example of a PPQ form for sample submissions
Image credits https//www.aphis.usda.gov/library/
forms/pdf/PPQ_Form_391.pdf
16
Communications

• Contact your State Plant Health Director
• https//www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthea
  lth/ppq-program-overview/ct_sphd
• Contact your State Plant Regulatory Official
• http//nationalplantboard.org/membership/

Image credits http//www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda
/usdahome http//nationalplantboard.org/
17
Author and Publication Dates

• Brianna Whitman, B.S.
• Laboratory Technician, Department of Entomology
  and Nematology, University of Florida
• Amanda Hodges, Ph.D.
• Associate Extension Scientist, Department of
  Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida
• Publication date October 2016

18
Reviewers

• Catherine A. Marzolf
• Assistant State Plant Health Director, USDA APHIS
  PPQ

19
Educational Disclaimer and Citation

• This presentation can be used for educational
  purposes for NON-PROFIT workshops, trainings,
  etc.
• Citation Whitman, Brianna and Amanda Hodges.
  2016. Green oak tortrix - Tortrix viridana.
• Accessed (add the date)
• www.protectingusnow.org

20
Our Partners

• United States Department of Agriculture, National
  Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA)
• United States Department of Agriculture, Animal
  and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant
  Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ)
• Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey (CAPS)
  Program
• National Plant Board (NPB)
• States Department of Agriculture
• Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN)
• Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  (Bugwood)
• National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN)
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
• U.S. Forest Service (USFS)

21
References

• 1. Arn, H., E. Priesner, H. Bogenschütz, H. R.
  Buser, D. L. Struble, S. Rauscher, and S.
  Voerman. 2014. Sex Pheromone of Tortrix viridana
  (Z)-11-Teradecenyl Acetate as the Main Component.
  Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 3412 1281-1284.
  
• http//www.degruyter.com/view/j/znc.1979.34.issue-
  12/znc-1979-1237/znc-1979-1237.xml
• 2. Butterflies and Moths of North America
  collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera.
  2016. Attributes of Chloraspilates bicoloraria.
  NBII and USGS. Accessed 6/13/16.
• http//www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chloras
  pilates-bicoloraria
• 3. FAO. 2007. Forest Health Biosecurity Working
  Papers, Overview of Forest Pests, Moldova. FAO,
  Rome. Accessed 6/3/16.
• http//www.fao.org/forestry/12273-0f4aa140d20406aa
  da5e923a94b66f9b2.pdf
• 4. Gibbs, John. 1999. Dieback of Pedunculate Oak.
  Forestry Commission, Edinburgh. Accessed 6/3/16.
• http//www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/fcin22.pdf/FILE/fc
  in22.pdf
• 5. Gillian, Todd M. and Marc E. Epstein. 2014.
  TortAI Tortricids of Agricultural Importance.
  Colorado State University. Accessed 6/3/16.
• http//idtools.org/id/leps/tortai/Tortrix_viridana
  .htm

22
References

• 6. Huffaker, C. B., P. S. Messenger. 1976. Theory
  and Practice of Biological Control. Academic
  Press Inc., London, UK.
• https//books.google.com/books?idGB-bzK3vCPYCpg
  PA327lpgPA327dqtortrixviridanacontrolsource
  blots0d-pHHivJAsigHouunB_4uLgWxg0GJJNvnANZCDY
  hlensaXved0ahUKEwjlvoG8j6jNAhWL1x4KHXI2BkE4C
  hDoAQg8MAYvonepageqtortrix20viridana20contro
  lffalse
• 7. Kimber, Ian. Green Oak Tortrix Tortrix
  viridana. UKMoths. Accessed 6/1/16.
• http//ukmoths.org.uk/species/tortrix-viridana
• 8. Lakatos, Ferenc, and Stefan Mirtchev. 2014.
  Handbook of the Major Forest Pests in Southeast
  Europe. FAO, Pristina. Accessed 6/3/16
• http//www.fao.org/3/a-i4084e.pdf
• 9. Meijerman, L., S. A. Ulenberg. Arthropods of
  Economic Importance Eurasian Tortricidae.
  Zoological Museum University of Amsterdam.
  Linnaeus 1758.
• http//wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/tortricidae.ph
  p?menuentrysoortenid279
• 10. Novotný, Von J., J. Patocka, I. Hrdý, and J.
  Vrkoc. 1990. Zur Überwachung des grünen
  Eichenwicklers, Tortrix viridana L. (Lep.,
  Tortricidae) mittels synthetischen
  Sexualpheromons. 63 125-129.
• http//link.springer.com/article/10.10072FBF02033
  947page-1

23
References

• 11. OPAL Explore Nature. 2016. Oak pests and
  diseases. Big Lottery Fund. Accessed 6/14/16.
• https//www.opalexplorenature.org/oak-pests-diseas
  es/1
• 12. Pest Tracker Exotic Pest Reporting. 2016.
  Purdue. Accessed 6/1/16.
• http//pest.ceris.purdue.edu/pest.php?codeITBUEWA
  
• 13. Plantwise Knowledge Bank. 2016. Plantwise
  Technical Factsheet green oak leaf-roller.
  Accessed 6/3/16.
• http//www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.a
  spx?dsid54206
• 14. Rhode Island Department of Environmental
  Management/Division of Agriculture. 2015. Green
  Oak Tortrix Tortrix viridana. USDA. Accessed
  6/1/16.
• http//www.dem.ri.gov/programs/bnatres/agricult/pd
  f/pests_greenoaktortrixmoth.pdf
• 15. Russell IPM Integrated Pest Management.
  2016. Agriculture Tortrix viridana. Accessed
  6/6/16.
• http//new.russellipm-agriculture.com/insect.php?i
  nsect_id126langen
• 16. Tomescu, Romica, and Constantin Netoiu. 2005.
  Control of the Broad Leaves Main Defoliators in
  Romania in 2005. Forest Research and Management
  Institute.
• http//bfw.ac.at/400/iufro_workshop/proceedings/26
  3-270_B13_Romica20Tomescu2020Constantin20Neto
  iu_poster.pdf