Culture Change in the Modern World

1
Chapter 17

• Culture Change in the Modern World

2
Chapter Questions

• What factors enabled the peoples of Europe to
  expand their power?
• What were some effects of European Expansion on
  non-European cultures?
• Why did European nations colonize, and what was
  the effect of colonization on people of other
  cultures?
• What are some of the problems faced by poor
  nations today?

3
Europeans in 1400

• Devised oceangoing vessels.
• Were masters of cathedral and castle
  construction.
• Experienced much war, plague, and economic
  depression.

4
Motivators for European Expansion

• Christianize the world.
• Find a wide variety of wonders, both real and
  imagined.
• Amass great wealth.

5
Developments Aiding Expansion

• Rise of a banking and merchant class.
• Growing population.
• New ship design that was better at sailing into
  the wind.
• Diseases carried by Europeans to native
  populations.

6
Pillaging

• Europeans used violence to take money, goods, or
  raw materials.
• Mines were placed under European control.
• When the British East India company came to power
  in India, it plundered the treasury of Bengal.

7
Forced Labor

• In the 15th century, Europeans practiced slavery
  on a larger scale than any people before them.
• Non-Europeans exported over 7 million slaves to
  the Islamic world between 650 and 1600.
• At the end of the 19th century approximately 11
  million slaves were exported to the
  Americas.              

8
Dutch East India Company (VOC)

• Chartered by the Dutch government to control
  Dutch trade in the Indian and Pacific oceans.
• Seized control of the Indian Ocean islands.
• Took brutal steps to keep its monopoly on
  valuable spices and by the 1670s had control of
  all spice production.

9
Colonialism

• Possession and political domination of a foreign
  territory.
• Industrialization created an enormous demand for
  raw materials.
• Taxation supported the colonial government, and
  forced natives into the market system.

10
Development Reasons for Failure

• Undeveloped nations could not repeat the historic
  experiences of the industrialized world.
• Development projects were poorly designed.
• Environmental and social justice issues resulted
  in widespread tension and violent confrontations.

11
Multinational Corporations

• Try to contribute wealth to their shareholders,
  most of whom live in the wealthiest nations.
• Move to least expensive places to produce goods
  and most profitable places to sell them.
• Depend on cheap labor provided by women and
  children.

12
Urban Migration

• Percentage of people living in cities is rising
  more rapidly in poor than in wealthy nations
• In 1950, 16 of the population of
  non-industrialized nations lived in large
  cities.
• By 1985, this had increased to 30.
• Expected to reach 50 by the 21st century.