Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry

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Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry

• Electron Configurations
• Lewis Dot Structures
• Hybridization
• Orbital depictions

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Organic Chemists Periodic Table
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Molecular Model of Aspirin
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Nucleus is a Tiny Fraction of the Volume of an
Atom
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Orbitals are Probabilities
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Electron Configurations
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Ground State Electron Configurations
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The p Orbital
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px, py, pz
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Bonding in H2Sigma (s) Bond
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Energy Released When Bond Forms
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Drawing Structures
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Octane Representations
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Condensed Formulas
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Line-Angle Structures are Often Used as a
Short-hand
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Line-Angle Structures
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Line-Angle structure Superimposed on Lewis
Structure
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Double Bonds are Shown
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For Cyclic Structures, Draw the Corresponding
Polygon
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Drawing Clear Structures
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Structures take Cues from Models
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Some Steroids
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Benzene can be drawn as one of two resonance
structures
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Some Line-Angle Structures
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Bonding Characteristics of Period 2 Elements
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Saturated with Hydrogen
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A Model of a Saturated Hydrocarbon
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Electron Configuration of Carbon
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In Ground State2 bonding sites, 1 lone pair
The ground state configuration cannot account for
the bonding in CH4!
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Lewis Dot Structure of Methane
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sp3 Hybridization 4 Regions of electron
Density
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Hybridization of 1 s and 3 p Orbitals sp3
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sp3 is Tetrahedral GeometryMethane
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Tetrahedral Geometry
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Methane Representations
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Orbital Depiction of Ethane, C2H6 , the s bond
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Depictions of 2-Methylbutane
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Ammonia Tetrahedral GeometryPyramidal Shape
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All Have the Same GeometryAll Have 4 Regions of
Electron Density
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sp2 Hybridization3 Regions of Electron Density
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Hybridization of 1 s and 2 p Orbitals sp2
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An sp2 Hybridized Atom
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The p bondOverlap of 2 parallel p Orbitals
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Ethylene CH2CH2
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Views of Ethylene, C2H4
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Ethylene
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Formaldehyde
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sp Hybridization2 Regions of Electron Density
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The sp Orbital
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Acetylene, C2H2, 1 s bond 2 perpendicular p
bonds
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Consider the structure of Ibuprofen

1. In your notebook, indicate which atoms are
   sp3-hybridized, sp2, sp.
2. What is the molecular formula?

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Draw the Lewis structure and identify the
hybridization of the central atoms.

1. C3H4
2. Carbon dioxide
3. CH3
4. NH4