Chapter 16 Cultural Change and Globalization

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Chapter 16Cultural Change and Globalization

• Key Terms

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• acculturation A specific form of cultural
  diffusion in which a subordinate culture adopts
  many of the cultural traits of a more powerful
  culture.
• circulation of labor As compared to the
  unidirectional flow of people from rural to urban
  areas, the circulation of labor involves the
  continuous movement of people from rural to urban
  and back again.

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• cultural boundary maintenance The practice of
  cultural groups keeping themselves separate from
  other cultural groups.
• culture of poverty An interpretation of poverty
  that suggests that poor people pass certain
  cultural features on to their children that tend
  to reinforce and perpetuate poverty.

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• cultural diffusion The spreading of a cultural
  trait (that is, material object, idea, or
  behavior pattern) from one society to another.
• indigenous populations The original inhabitants
  of a region who collectively wield little
  political power, and whose cultures and ways of
  life are threatened by the forces of economic
  development.

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• invention New combinations of existing cultural
  features.
• less developed countries (LDCs)Countries that
  have a relatively low gross national product
  (GNP) and low annual family income.

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• linked changes Changes in one part of a culture
  brought about by changes in other parts of the
  culture.
• marginal people Nonmainstream people who are at
  the fringes of their own culture.

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• modernization theory The theory that explains
  economic development in terms of the inherent
  sociocultural differences between the rich and
  the poor.
• multinational corporations Large corporations
  that have economic operations in a number of
  different countries throughout the world.

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• neocolonialism The economic, political, and
  military influence that developed nations
  continue to exert over less developed countries,
  even though the official period of colonization
  ended in the 1960s.

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• occupational duality A practice found in many
  traditionally agricultural parts of the world in
  which an individual will spend part of the year
  working on the farm and another segment of the
  year working as a wage earner, most likely in an
  urban area.
• urbanization The process by which an increasing
  number of people live in cities.

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• voluntary association A political, occupational,
  religious, or recreational group, usually found
  in an urban area, that people join freely and
  that often helps in the adjustment to urban
  life.
• world systems theory An attempt to explain
  levels of economic development in terms of the
  exploitation of the poor by the rich nations of
  the world, rather than in terms of innate
  socioeconomic characteristics of each.