VARIATION ANALYSIS See also

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VARIATION ANALYSISSee also Prototype Theory

• by Don L. F. Nilsen
• and Alleen Pace Nilsen

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

• There are various ways of saying the same thing
  and saliences differ
• These are affected by S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. or the
  V.A.R.I.E.S. model

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S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. MODEL

• S-Setting
• P-Participants
• E-Ends
• A-Act Sequence
• K-Key Tone or Mood
• I-Instrumentalities (writing vs. speech)
• N-Norms (expectations of the situation)
• G-Genre (e-mail, chant, research paper)
• (Gumpers and Hymes 35-71)

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V.A.R.I.E.S. MODELby Don and Alleen Nilsen

• V-VOCATIONAL JARGON
• Computer Guys, Doctors, Lawyers, Linguists,
  Teachers
• A-AGE-RELATED LANGUAGE
• Children, Teenagers, Old People
• Old English, Middle English, (Early) Modern
  English
• R-REGIONAL LANGUAGE
• California, Canada, New York, South
• I-INFORMAL OR FORMAL LANGUAGE
• Casual Acquaintances, Lovers, Friends, Relatives
• E-ETHNIC LANGUAGE
• Blacks, Indians, Jews, Mexicans
• S-SEX-RELATED LANGUAGE
• Males, Females, Lesbians, Gays

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Assaulted Peanut A Pun
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Raining Cats and Dogs A Metaphor
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Language Variation Web Sites

• 21 Accents by Amy Walker
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3UgpfSp2t6k
• American Dialect Society
• http//americandialect.org/
• Lost Baggage
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtvo9-UA1HD8
• Yankee-Dixie Quiz
• http//www.angelfire.com/ak2/intelligencerreport/y
  ankee_dixie_quiz.html