China

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China
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Ancient China12000 BC 221 AD
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Ancient China - Geography

• The availability of resources affect where people
  migrate and settle.

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Civilizations
Many of these villages began to grow and create
civilizations.
A civilization is an advanced state of human
society, in which a high level of culture,
economy, and government has been reached.
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rivers
agriculture
villages
civilizations
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Two river systems in China provide fertile soil
and safe drinking water - the Huang He (Yellow
River) and the Yangtze River (Long River). 
HUANG HE RIVER
YANGTZE RIVER
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The Yangtze (Long River) is the third longest
river in the world. It is about 4000 miles long.
It floods each year and leaves fertile soil along
the banks.
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The Huang He (Yellow River) is about 3000 miles
long. It also floods each year since the banks
along the Huang He River are low. The Huang He is
full of loess. Loess is a powder-like soil that
is extremely fertile.
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These early people called the Huang He River in
China by the nickname "The Great Sorrow".  That
is because each year during the flood season, all
homes along the Huang He River were destroyed.
Each year, the ancient Chinese had to rebuild
their homes and their lives. Over time, people
learned the techniques of flood control.
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Ancient China - Geography

• Landforms can provide more than water and fertile
  soil.
• China's landforms helped to protect the early
  people from invasion. The China Sea, the Yellow
  Sea, Himalayan Mountains, and Gobi Desert
  isolated the country from the rest of the world
  for many thousands of years.
• Although protection is a positive, what would be
  a negative about these landforms?

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The Gobi desert prevented people from
invading/migrating from the north.
The Himalayas also prevented people from
invading/migrating from the west.
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Ancient China - Government

• Neolithic Period
• (Xia Dynasty)
• 12000 BC-2000 BC
• Debate if Xia dynasty existed
• Small Villages
• Still Hunters Gatherers
• Begin Agriculture
• Pottery

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Ancient China - Government

• The growth of villages created a need for an
  authority to maintain order and settle arguments.

• Small dynasties formed and began to extend their
  control over larger and larger areas.

• A dynasty is a sequence of powerful leaders from
  the same family. The name of the ruling family
  became the name of the dynasty.

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Shang Dynasty

• 1800 BC-1123 BC
• Formed around the Huang He
• First Dynasty of China
• Chinese writing
• Polytheistic
• Mandate from Heaven The gods chose the family
  to rule.
• Developed silk

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Zhou Dynasty

• 1122 BC-256 BC
• Adopted parts of Shang Dynasty culture
• Controlled for the longest period of time
• Copper and gold coins used for the 1st time
• Ruled during a time of constant fighting between
  the areas
• Confucius and Laozi

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Qin Dynasty

• 221 BC-206 BC
• First emperor - Shi Huangdi
• Standardized currency (money)
• Built 5000 miles of road
• Great Wall of China

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Shi Huangdi

• Shi Huangdi was not a popular leader due to the
  large taxes the people had to pay.
• Shi Huangdi banned all books that advocated any
  other forms of government. The writings of
  Confucius and other philosophers were burned and
  more than 400 opponents were executed.

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Han Dynasty

• 202 BC-220 AD
• Military expansion
• Trade
• Paper invented
• Acupuncture
• Adopted Confucianism
• Buddhism spread rapidly toward the end of this
  dynasty.

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dynasty
Definition
Category
Political
a sequence of powerful leaders from the same
family
Examples
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
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emperor
Definition
Category
Political
Leader
Examples
Shi Huangdi
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What cultural impact did Ancient China make?
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The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China

• Papermaking
• Printing

• Gunpowder
• Compass

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Gunpowder

• Accidentally discovered gunpowder when trying to
  find a medical liquid that would give the user
  immortality.
• Chinese later realized that the chemical liquid
  created would flash and explode when exposed to
  an open flame.

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Compass

• The circular center represents Heaven, and the
  square plate represents Earth.
• The handle of the spoon points south. The plate
  bears Chinese characters which represent the
  eight main directions of north, northeast, east,
  southeast, south, southwest, west, and
  northwest.

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Papermaking

• Made paper from hemp fibers and silk.
• Paper was used to keep records and other
  information.

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Printing

• The text was first written on a piece of thin
  paper, then glued face down onto a wooden plate.
  The characters were carved out to make a
  wood-block printing plate, which was used to
  print the text when it came into contact with the
  paper or cloth.
• Wood-block printing took a long time as a new
  block had to be carved for every page in a book.
   

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Chinese Cultural Impact Chinese Literature
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Mulan Fiction or Nonfiction?

• The Disney movie, Mulan, is based on a Chinese
  poem entitled The Ballad of Mulan.
• In the poem, Mulan is the only child of a Chinese
  general. She is trained by her father on how to
  use a weapon and ride a horse.
• When each Chinese family was required to send a
  male to war, Mulan took her fathers place. It
  is believed that Mulan served for 12 years in the
  Chinese army.
• Mulans story is considered a legend. There is
  no evidence that she existed, but there is also
  no evidence that she did not exist.

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Chinese Cultural Impact The Great Wall
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Construction During the Qin Dynasty

• The main reason why the Chinese built the Great
  Wall was to prevent troops from invading Chinese
  territory.
• The Qin dynasty first constructed the wall with
  just loose stone.
• Then the wall was constructed by a wooden
  rectangular frame filled with loose soil.
  Workers would come and stomp the soil until it
  was 4 inches.

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Construction During the Han Dynasty

• The Han dynasty extended the wall and made it
  more durable.
• They even constructed the wall in the Gobi
  Desert.
• The Han dynasty improved the Qin process of
  building the wall which was much quicker and
  faster.

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Completion of Great Wall

• After the Han dynasty, the building and
  rebuilding of eroded sections of the Great Wall
  were completed by 2 additional dynasties.
• Currently, it is the worlds longest wall and
  biggest piece of ancient architecture.

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Ancient China - Religion
Confucius 551 BC-479 BC
Buddha 560 BC-480 BC
Laozi
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Confucianism

• Founded by Confucius
• Based on a strict code of behavior that honored
  ancestors and ancient rituals.
• Confucius said that there were 5 principle
  relationships. Each person in the relationship
  had responsibilities to each other.
• 1. Ruler Subject
• 2. Father Son
• 3. Husband Wife
• 4. Older Brother Younger Brother
• 5. Older Friend Younger Friend

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Daoism (Taoism)

• Founded by Laozi
• To practice Daoism one must follow Tao. Tao is a
  force that flows through all life. The goal of
  the followers of Daoism is to find a way to
  harmonize themselves with the Tao.
• Yin-Yang is the most recognizable symbol of
  Daoism. It represents the balance of opposites
  in the universe. The symbol shows that in nature
  everything that appears to be all bad has some
  good in it, and that everything that is good has
  some bad in it.

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Origins of Buddhism

• Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would one day be
  known as the Buddha, began his life as a prince
  in ancient India. 
• The prince was bothered by the pain, sickness,
  and death in the world. He decided to leave
  his wealth, his comfort, his wife, and his
  newborn son, to become a monk.
• After 6 years of traveling through India as a
  monk, he came to an understanding that he
  believed was the way to end suffering. On this
  day, he began to earn the new title, the Buddha,
  which means Awakened One.

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Buddhism
Four Noble Truths 1. Life is filled with
suffering 2. Suffering is caused by people's
wants. 3. Suffering can be ended if people stop
wanting things, like more pleasure or more
power.  4. To stop wanting things, people must
follow 8 basic laws, called the Eightfold Path.
Eightfold Path 1. To know the truth 2. To intend
to resist evil 3. To not say anything to hurt
others 4. To respect life, property, and
morality 5. To work at a job that does not
injure others 6. To try to free one's mind from
evil 7. To be in control of one's feelings and
thoughts 8. To practice appropriate forms of
concentration
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Buddhism

• Buddhist believe in karma and reincarnation.
  Karma is the basic principle that what goes
  around, comes around. Reincarnation is the idea
  that when you die your soul is reborn in another
  form.
• Buddha believed that if you had good karma, you
  would be rewarded in reincarnation. If you had
  bad karma, you would be punished.
• According to Buddha, once a person no longer
  wants for anything, his or her spirit has reached
  nirvana.

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reincarnation
Category
Definition
Religion
The idea that when you die your soul is reborn in
another form
Examples
Buddhism
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karma
Category
Definition
Religion
What goes around, comes around
Examples
Buddhism
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• List Group Label

Buddhism Daoism
Confucianism
Laozi Yin-Yang Balance of Opposites Tao
Eightfold Path Prince Siddhartha
Gautama Karma Buddha Reincarnation Four Noble
Truths
5 Principle Relationships Confucius Husband
Wife Some say not religion, but philosophy
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More Dynasties in China
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Using what you know about dynasties, why is the
show called Duck Dynasty?
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After the Han Dynasty

• The end of the Han Dynasty was followed by a long
  period of civil war.
• From 220-589 AD, China was not stable. There was
  a constant change in governments.

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Sui Dynasty

• 580-618 A.D.
• United China
• Fortified the Great Wall
• Expanded their territory through costly military
  campaigns
• Built Grand Canal

Tang Dynasty

• 618-907 A.D.
• Land distribution program
• Rice production rapidly increased during this
  period.
• Didnt think the Great Wall was important

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Song Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty

• 960-1279 A.D.
• Used gunpowder as a weapon in warfare
• Foreign trade expanded

• 1279-1368 A.D.
• Was ruled by the Mongols
• Genghis Khan led the Mongols when they defeated
  the Chinese.
• Kublai Khan founded the dynasty.
• Marco Polo
• At the end, China was impoverished.