You can

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You cant stand without feet

• And you cant get what you read
• (or write well)
• without knowing these tricks

Romeo Juliet
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The Literary Elements and Techniques
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1) Foreshadowing

• Definition
• Hints or clues that connect with what happens
  later on in a story.

• Example
• The old man ignored his chest pains. Later on
  he had a ________________

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Foreshadowing

• What is this foreshadowing?

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1) Foreshadowing

• Can you guess why this Star Wars poster is an
  example of foreshadowing?

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2) Flashback

• Definition
• A scene that interrupts the present to show
  what happened in the past.

• Example
• The movie Stand by Me is told by an adult
  recalling his childhood. Its all a memory.
  FLASHBACK!

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2) Flashback

• How is this soap opera clip an example of a
  flashback?

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2) Flashback

• On The TV show Lost, the characters flashback to
  before their plane crashed on the deserted island.

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Flashback Foreshadowing

• A flashback gives a glimpse of the past

• And foreshadowing gives a glimpse of the future

Get it!
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3) Protagonist

• Definition
• the main character (from beginning to end)

• Example
• Usually the good guy or hero
• pro means ________?
• And who do we usually root for in a story?
• The main character!
• Were pro the protagonist!

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4) Antagonist

• Definition
• The opponent who blocks the hero

• Example
• Usually the bad guy
• Anti means _________?
• We are anti the antagonist
• Could be any of these conflicts though
  person vs. person, society, self, nature, or
  supernatural forces (new one! Machine!)

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Lets Play.

• Protagonist
• or
• Antagonist

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Auntie M. Help me! I want to go home!
Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz
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Good job! And this one? Protagonist or Antagonist?
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Protagonist or Antagonist?
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Protagonist or Antagonist? The Penguin
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Protagonist or Antagonist? Luke Skywalker
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Protagonist or Antagonist?
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5) Characterization

• Definition
• Character development.
• The writer reveals a characters personality
  by what they say, _______, _________, look like,
  or what others say or think about them.

• Example
• Charlie is characterized as a good athlete,
  because others want him on their team in the
  story, and he scored most of the points in the
  game.

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5) Characterization

• My favorite character in any story I have read is
  __________________ because
• 1.)
• 2.)

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6) Imagery

• Definition
• The use of the 5 senses to create a clear
  mental picture of something.

• Example
• the dark, cold cafeteria smelled like rotten
  fruit, but I was eating bologna. High-pitched
  complaints surrounded me.

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6) Imagery
What does this make you imagine? (imagery, get
it)?

• It was a dark night, darker than usual, crisp
  and cool. The rain sounded like pellets against
  my raincoat, and the air smelled sweet from the
  spring flowers that had begun to bloom. I could
  still taste the garlic from my chicken parmesan I
  bought in a hurry for dinner, while I was on the
  case.

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6) Imagery

• Did it make you imagine this?

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6) Imagery

• Thats what is great about reading
• our imaginations
• make it interesting and unique to what our own
  brains want to see,
• rather than what directors or producers want us
  to see.

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7) Setting

• Definition
• The time and place of a story

• Example
• A New York City sky scraper, 906 pm, July 4th
  2007.

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7) Setting

• Venice, Italy can be a romantic setting.

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7) Setting

• So can Paris, France especially at night!

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7) Setting

• Though, a hidden alley at night changes
  everything! Scary setting good for a horror or
  dramatic story.

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7) Setting

• Whats a good setting for a horror?
• A love story?
• A comedy?
• A science fiction story?
• A fantasy?
• A drama?
• An action story?

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8) Point of View

• Definition
• The perspective from which the narrator tells a
  story.
• (I/me or he/they)?

• Example
• 1st person I, me, we.
• 3rd person limited he, she, they,
• 3rd person omniscient he, she, they, but
• all-knowing narrator.

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8) Point of View
Draw a nice large Venn diagram like this.
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9) Metaphor

• Example
• Youre a peach! Im implying that you and the
  peach have something in common your both sweet.
  
• Hes a brick (both are solid)
• Shes a flower (both blossom)
• The classrooms an oven (both _________)?

• Definition
• An implied comparison

Hes a clown! Get it!? Hes not really a clown,
but what does he have in common with
one? Theyre both__________.
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10) Simile

• Definition
• An obvious comparison using like or as

• Example
• Rosa sings like an angel
• Gary smells like a horse
• Its as sweet as candy
• The rain poured like a faucet.

Hes as fast as a speeding train!
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11) Hyperbole

• Definition
• An exaggeration

• Example
• I walked forever to get to his house.
• Or
• I was so happy I thanked him a million times.

This is more writing than I ever did in my whole
life!
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11) Hyperbole
Hi, Im Napoleon Dynamite and I love to
exaggerate with hyperboles. SWEET!
Spot the hyperbole! Pay attention!
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11) Hyperbole
Spot the hyperbole in this clip!
Here, he already had school lunch and saved the
rest of his tater-tots in his pocket. Whats he
exaggerating about?
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• Those were the worst film clips EVER!
• This is the worst lesson ever!
• Thank goodness my teachers are the best EVER!

Though, thats not a hyperbole!
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12) Symbol

• Definition
• Anything that represents itself and something
  else.

• Example
• symbolizes
• love
• symbolizes death or danger.

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12) Symbol

• As silly as it sounds, in the 90s the singer and
  icon Prince changed his name to this symbol

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12) Symbol
Pop Quiz The name of my song you hear is When
Doves Cry. What do doves symbolize?
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13) Allegory

• Definition
• a symbolic story

• Example
• The Terrible Things is an allegory of
  _________________?
• Read along and find out!

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13) Allegory
Hey! What a neat way to remember the definition
It ____________s with the word!
An allegory is a symbolic story. The characters
and events symbolize something even more
important than that one storys plot.
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14) Mood

• Definition
• The feeling or atmosphere of a story

• Example
• Because the setting was in an abandoned house at
  night, the mood of the story was ghostly.

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14) Mood
The mood of a story can be
Thought Provoking
Somber (sad)
other worldly
Light-hearted
Comical
romantic
Silly
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14) Mood

• Lets create a creepy/eerie mood for a horror
  story!
• Well need to give the readers an image in
  their head thats creepy so what do we need to
  use to create an image in the readers minds?

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14) Mood

• Creepy Sights
• Creepy Sounds
• Eerie Smells
• Eerie Things to Feel
• Eerie Tastes

SCARY!
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15) Motif

• Definition
• a recurring thing or idea in a story.
• (It keeps showing up to support the mood or theme)

• Examples
• Darkness supports a ____________ mood.
• masks can
• support a
• mysterious
• mood.
• Clocks would support a theme dealing with
  _____________.

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15) Motif
What's the motif here? There may be more than
one recurring idea!
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(No Transcript)
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16) Dialect

• Definition
• A particular way of speaking for a certain
  group or area.

• Example
• A cowboy speaks the same language as us, but with
  a different dialect.

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16) Dialect
All of these people speak the same language
(English) but with different dialects
A Canadian dialect
An Australian dialect
A British dialect
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16) Dialect

• If you speak Spanish from your familys
  country, I guarantee that you dont use all of
  the exact same words as other Spanish speakers
  from other countries.

Why?
You all speak with different dialects!
Y
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17) Personification

• Definition
• When non-human things are given human traits.

• Example
• The wind hugged me
• The sky cried
• The cat screamed, Ouch!

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17) Personification
Another Example...
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17) Personification

• Remember, it doesnt have to be animals! It can
  be anything thats not a person, but has human
  qualities.

For example, El Nino is a weather pattern that
occurs when the Pacific Ocean is warmer than
usual, and causes more storms!
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Quick! Protagonist or Antagonist?
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18) Paradox

• Definition
• A statement that contradicts itself (sounds wrong
  because it contains opposing words), but is true!

• Example
• Quicksand works slowly
• boxing rings are square
• only the blind man truly sees.

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18) Paradox
This is why they say the paradox
it really is!
less is more.
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18) Paradox
Try this "deep" paradox. Try to figure out it's
truth!

• "Rabbit's clever," said Pooh thoughtfully."Yes,"s
  aid Piglet, "Rabbit's clever.""And he has
  Brain.""Yes," said Piglet, "Rabbit has Brain."
• There was a long silence.
• "I suppose," said Pooh,
• "that that's why he never
• understands anything."

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19) Theme

• Definition
• What the author is trying to tell us about
  life and people

• Example
• Money cant buy happiness
• Some people cant let go of the past.

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19) Theme
This ones TOUGH! What could be the theme the
artist of this painting is teaching us about life?
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20) Irony

• Definition
• A difference between what we expect to happen
  and what actually happens

• Example
• Situational irony- a plot twist the audience
  doesnt expect
• Verbal irony a character says something the
  audience doesnt believe because he means the
  opposite (I would never hurt you. You can trust
  me when he just hit on her best friend!)
• Dramatic irony the audience knows something a
  character doesnt (all scary movies use this)

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20) Irony
Situational, verbal, or dramatic?

• in Julius Caesar, Mark Antony repeats the words
  "and Brutus is an honorable man" in the famous
  Friends, Romans, countrymen speech.
• Mark Antonys meaning, however, is that Brutus
  is completely dishonorable because Brutus,
  Caesars best friend, joined the other
  conspirators to murder Caesar.

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20) Irony
Situational, verbal, or dramatic?

• In every Shakespearean play, his characters have
  asides or moments when they are expressing
  their inner thoughts hidden from all the other
  characters, so only the audience knows what
  theyre up to.
• Ex ? Romeo and Juliets plan to secretly marry.
• Ex ? Iagos evil, secret plans to ruin Othellos
  life.

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20) Irony

• Situational, verbal, or dramatic?

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21) Parody

• Definition
• A work that
• pokes fun.

• Example
• Scary Movie
• Date Movie
• Saturday Night live
• Family Guy

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21) Parody
PARODY POKES FUN!
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21) Parody
Watch some of this classic Michael Jackson video
Beat It
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21) Parody
Now look at what the king of musical parodies
turned it into!
PARODY ________ FUN?
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22) Satire

• Definition
• A work that makes fun of societys government,
  prejudices, or leaders, to try to change them.

• Example
• The TV show All in the Family
• South Park
• political cartoons,
• (Saturday Night Live does both parodies and
  satires)

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22) Satire
Satires Change Society
Political Cartoon
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22) Satire

• Since so many people were unhappy with President
  Bush, there were people who just couldnt
  understand how he got reelected. This satire
  calls for the voting process to change.

Satires Change Society
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23) Allusion

• Definition
• A reference to something that is popularly
  known.
• (many allusions are made to bible stories,
  famous books or poems, and famous events)

• Example
• Goodness, youre so fast meep, meep!

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23) Allusion

• Listen to this song with an allusion in it to a
  very famous character (who happens to be a
  personified scarecrow!)
• Can you guess what movie character in what
  movie it could be alluding to?

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23) Allusion
White Rabbit, by Jefferson AirplaneOne pill
makes you largerAnd one pill makes you
small.And the ones that mother gives youDon't
do anything at all.Go ask AliceWhen she's ten
feet tall.And if you go chasing rabbitsAnd you
know you're going to fall.Tell 'em a hookah
smoking caterpillarHas given you the call.Call
AliceWhen she was just small.When the men on
the chessboardGet up and tell you where to
go.And you've just had some kind of mushroomAnd
your mind is moving low.Go ask AliceI think
she'll know.When logic and proportionHave
fallen softly dead.And the White Knight is
talking backwardsAnd the Red Queen's "off with
her head"!Remember what the dormouse said"Feed
your head. Feed your head. Feed your head."
To what is this song an allusion?
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24) Alliteration

• Definition
• The repetition of consonant letters for a
  desired sound
• (everything BUT a,e,i,o,u)

• Example
• The snake slinked and slithered toward the
  cellar.
• The hot ham was hard to hold

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25) Free Verse

• Definition
• Unrhymed poetry

• Example
• The sky calls out to me
• To look deep into its blue eyes
• And I smile
• (ooh! Some personification too! Whats
  personified and how?)

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YOU DID IT! Hooray!
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The Literary Elements in Lambert
Put these questions in your vocabulary section
and use your notes to answer them after watching
our favorite cartoon! 1. How is Lambert
characterized? 2. What is the setting? 3. How is
personification used? 4. Are there any examples
of foreshadowing or flashbacks? 5. Is there any
irony? 6. If Lambert is the main character, he is
considered the ___________. 7. Who or what are
antagonists in the story? 8. Lambert is told
from what point of view? 9. What is a theme of
Lambert? 10. EITHER make a simile comparing one
of the characters in Lambert to something OR
explain how you would parody Lambert to make it
funny.
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