?????? TY

1
??
???????????
GEOMETRY AND CIVIL ENGENEERING DRAWING
?????? TY
2
??
???? perspective projection
??
3
??????
????
??????
??????????????,??????????,??????????
??????
????,????, ????,?????? ??????????
???
??
??????
??????????,?????????(???),??????????????
4
??????
??????????
??????????????????
???????????????????
?????????????????????
??????????????????????
5
??????
??????
1. ???? ????????????????????,
??,?????????????
2. ???? ????????????????,?????????????,??,?
??????????????????
3. ???? ??????? ???????????,??, ???????????
???
???
???
??
???
???
???
6
????
????(?)
?? (s)??????,?? ?????????
??(H)???
??(P)???????,? ?????
??(s')????????? ??
?? ????????? ? ???? P-P????,???
??? PH-PH????????
?? (Ss)?????????
?? (Ss')?????????
??(S)???????,? ?????
7
????
????(?)
???(h-h)??????????????
????????????
???????????????????????
?????????????????
????????????????
????????????? ?????????
??
8
????????
???????????
1. ??? ???????????????,???s
???????????,?????? PH PH ???,?? ??????????????
h h ??????? Vx ?Vy (???????????,???????????????
?)?
2. ????????? ?????????????? ???
3. ?????? ???????????????,? ??
?????????????????????(???????????,????????????)?
4. ???????,?????????????
9
????????
??????? ????(?)
1. ????
2. ??????? ???
3. ???????
4. ??????? ????
????
10
?1(????)
?1 ???????? ????????
????
??????? ???
?????? ????
??????? ??
?????
11
?2(????)
?2 ???????? ????????
12
?3(????)
?3 ????????
1. ??????
2. ???(??)
3. ????????
4. ??????
5. ????
6. ?????
13
?4(????)
?4 ?????????

14
?5(????)
?5 ??????????????????????
a(b)
15
?6(????)
?6 ????????
16
?7(????)
?7 ????????
17
?8(????)
?8 ???? ????
18
?9(???????)
?9 ????????
???? ??????
????? ?????? ?????
19
?10(????)
?10 ????????
20
?11(????)
?11 ??????????
(?????????)
21
?12(????)
?12 ????????
????
???? ??
vY
????
????
???? ??
vX
22
(?1)
?12 ????????(?1)
??????--?????????
??????????????
23
(?2)
?12 ????????(?2)
???
???
24
?13 ?????????
?13 ?????????
1. ???????
2. ??????
???
3. ?????
25
?13 ?????????(?)
?13 ?????????(?)
4. ??????
5. ???????
26
?14 ?????????
?14 ?????????
???
? ?
1-1???
???
???
??
27
?????????(?1)
?14 ?????????(?1)
?????? ??????
28
?????????(?2)
?14 ?????????(?2)
???????
29
?????????(?3)
?14 ?????????(?3)
??????
30
?????????(?4)
?14 ?????????(?4)
???????
31
????
??
??????? ??????? ??????? ???????