The Second Triumvirate

1
The Second Triumvirate

• 43 B.C.E. -12 B.C.E.

2
Octavian

• Julius Caesars sisters grandson
• Trained by Julius Caesar
• Adopted son of Caesar and heir to the throne due
  to Caesars will.

3
Marc Antony

• Son of a military commander
• General for Caesar, cavalry commander
• Controlled Caesars funds

Lepidus

• Statesman elected consul with support of Pompey

4
43 B.C.E.

• Octavian and Antony agreed to a sharing of power.
  
• They, along with Lepidus who was the Pontifex
  Maximus (high priest) are designated by the
  Senate as a Triumvirate with dictatorial powers
  for five years.
• Octavian, Antony and Lepidus agreed to eliminate
  Senators and members of the Roman aristocracy
  whom any one of the three considered a threat to
  public order. Altogether 300 senators and two
  thousand lesser level aristocrats are executed.

5
42 B.C.E.

• The Senate deemed Julius Caesar as having been a
  god. This enhanced Octavian's status still
  further.
• Antony and Octavian undertook a military
  expedition to the east to defeat Brutus and
  Cassius.
• Brutus and Cassius kill themselves.
• The Triumvirate then divide up the Empire.
• Anthony gets the east and Gaul. Lepidus gets
  Africa and Octavian gets the west except for
  Italy which was to be under common control of the
  three.
• The alliance of Octavian and Antony was renewed
  and further confirmed by Antony marrying the
  sister of Octavian, Octavia

6
32 B.C.E.

• Antony divorces Octavia, Octavian's sister.
• Octavian reveals that Anthony's will calls for
  the granting of Roman territory in the east to
  the Cleopatra. Furthermore it reveals plans for
  transferring the capital of the empire from Rome
  to Alexandria.
• The sympathy and allegiance of the Roman public
  are with Octavian against Antony.

7
31 B.C.E.

• Antony decides to bring his forces to the western
  side of Greece. Cleopatra accompanies him.
• Octavian sends a military expedition to Greece.
• Octavians fleet blocks in Antony and Cleopatra's
  fleet.
• Cleopatra, for fear of being captured, pulls her
  ships out of the battle and heads back to Egypt
  thus ensuring the defeat of Anthony's forces.
• Anthony and some of his ships escape from the
  battle and follow Cleopatra.

8
30 B.C.E.

• Octavian invades Egypt Anthony commits suicide
  and Cleopatra follows.
• Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar is sent into
  hiding on the Red Sea coast of Egypt but Octavian
  tracks him down and kills him.
• Octavian annexed Egypt into the Roman Empire and
  put it under his direct control.

9
28 B.C.E.

• Octavian was appointed the president of the
  Senate.
• Although Octavian was all powerful but determined
  to cloth his rule under the republican
  traditions.
• Octavian was awarded the name "Augustus"- (the
  honored one) and thereafter he was referred to as
  Caesar Augustus.

10
12 B.C.E.

• 12 BCE Augustus becomes Pontifex Maximus after
  Lepidus dies

11

• Republic- a state in which the supreme power
  rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote
  and is exercised by representatives chosen
  directly or indirectly by them.
• Emperor- supreme ruler of an empire (group of
  nations)