India

1
(No Transcript)
2

Indias Government

• 28 states make up India
• Each has its own state governor and parliament
• This governor is the chief executive of the state
• The president appoints the local governors.
• The Indian people elect the local parliaments
• Unlike the US, the national government still has
  ultimate authority over all state matters.

3
Indias Government

• Indias government operates as a Federal
  Republic.
• Question-How is power distributed in a Federal
  Republic?

ANSWER-In a federal republic, power is divided
between the national and state or regional
governments.
4
Indias Government Economic System

• Indias government operates as a
• federal republic.
• Power is divided between the
• national and state governments.
• The central government has three branches
  executive, legislative, and judicial.
• The executive branch consists of the president,
  vice president, prime minister, and the Council
  of Ministers.
• The president serves as the chief of state and
  acts as the nations chief representative.
• Most of the real power rests with the prime
  minister.
• Prime minister - leader of the government and
  Indias top official.
• The leader of the majority party in parliament
  serves as the prime minister.
• The Council of Ministers serves as the PMs body
  of advisors.

5

• Indias parliament serves as the legislative
  branch.
• It passes the countrys laws.
• Indias Parliament is bicameral (has two houses).
• The first house is called the Lok Sabha (House of
  the People), and the second house is the Rajya
  Sabha (Council of the States)
• The judicial branch consists of Indias supreme
  court.
• They are responsible for making sure the
  executive and legislative branches carry out
  their duties according to Indias constitution.

6
Indias Government

• Indias President is President Pratibha PATIL
• Question-How is the president of India chosen?

ANSWER- The president is elected by an electoral
college consisting of elected members of both
houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the
states for a five-year term.
7
Indias Government

• Indias Prime Minister is Manmohan SINGH
• Question-How is the prime minister of India
  chosen?

ANSWER- prime minister chosen by parliamentary
members of the majority party following
legislative elections.
8
INDIA

• Overpopulation (more people than an area can
  comfortably support) presents environmental
  problems
• for countries like India.
• More people means that more land is used for
  faming, grazing, and development.
• This disrupts the environment and can create
  areas in which food and vegetation cannot
  grow.
• The need for fuel and the desire to industrialize
  also leads to deforestation (destruction of
  rainforests)
• As the number of people increases, more forests
  areas have to be destroyed to make room for
  homes, farms, cities, and businesses.
• Increased population means that more people
  generally drive cars, work in factories, produce
  products, and power the economy

9

• While these are not necessarily bad things they
• increase air pollution.
• In India, air pollution has created a cloud that
• stretches across much of South Asia known as
• the Asian Brown Cloud.
• It is a polluted mass of air that some
  scientists fear could harm millions of
  people across the world.
• Similar clouds are developing over East Asia,
  South America, and Africa.
• Water pollution is also a problem.
• As the population grows, more and more people
  use water supplies like the Ganges River.
• People along the Ganges often use this river as a
  sewer and deposit for trash, as well as drinking,
  bathing, and religious rituals.
• Meanwhile, in more developed areas, waste from
  factories can pollute the Ganges and other bodies
  of water.

10
Literacy

• Literacy (the ability to read and write) is very
  important for a nations development.
• Like most other parts of the world, Asian nations
  work to try and improve their countries literacy
  rate.
• More developed nations, like Japan and South
  Korea, have high rates.
• Less developed nations, like India, tend to have
  lower literacy rates.
• High literacy means that a population is educated
  and prepared to compete with the rest of the
  world politically economically, and otherwise.
• The more nations increase their literacy
• rate, the easier time they have growing
• economically and improving their citizens
• quality of life.

Country Literacy Rate
Japan 99
China 91
Indonesia 90
India 61
Pakistan 54
Bangladesh 44
11
Impact of Location, Climate, and Population
India

• A countrys location directly affects what
• it is able to trade, what agricultural
• products it grows, and what industries
• it supports.
• India trades a lot of gems that are naturally
  found in the country.
• Due to its cotton crops, it also exports a lot of
  textiles.
• India also exports leather goods, engineering
  equipment, and manufactured goods
• Much of Indias agriculture takes place on small
  farms.
• Among the most common crops are cereal, grains
  like rice, wheat, sorghum, corn, and millet.
• Rice is the most popular crop because it grows
  well in the wet, hot climate that covers much of
  the country.
• India also depends on other key natural
  resources, such as petroleum, coal, iron, copper,
  gold, zinc, lead, and bauxite.

12

• India has plentiful natural resources including
  coal, iron ore, diamonds, oil, and a variety of
  minerals and metals.
• It has a large population, second only to China.
• The middle class in India is large and continues
  to grow.
• There is, however, a rather large portion
  (28) of Indias population that lives
  below the poverty line.

13

• Indias economy is a mixed market economy
• The government still controls industries and
  businesses to some degree, but not nearly as much
  as it once did.
• After years of operating as a command economy,
  India changed course in the last couple of
  decades.
• Leaders discovered that state controlled
  production hurt Indias economy.
• In the last twenty years, India has
• allowed more private ownership
• and market competition.
• As a result, Indias economy has
• grown tremendously and the
• country is becoming a major
• player in world trade and
• international business.

14
Impact of Trade on India

• Trade has played a crucial role in the
• development of Asian nations.
• In recent years, India has moved away from a
  command economy to a market economy.
• It sold many state owned industries to
  private companies and opened its
• markets to foreign trade.
• Foreign investment quickly rose.
• Development and revenue increased.
• Eventually, this increased Indias production
  and exports.
• Poverty and decreased and more middle-class
• consumers exist in India than ever before.
• Better health care, more public services,
• improved education and a higher literacy rate
  have
• accompanied the economic improvements.

15
Trade Barriers

• Trade barriers are anything, either man made
• or natural, that interfere with trade.
• As the world continues to globalize
• (become more connected), more and more
• trade barriers are being removed.
• For example, when Western nations end tariffs,
• this helps countries like India.
• Tariffs raise the price of imports.
• When nations do away with tariffs, Asian
• products cost less.
• This means more people buy them.
• However, trade barriers can be useful for Asian
  nations seeking to protect their own markets.
• Without restrictions on foreign trade, less
  developed nations sometimes have a hard time
  catching up to more developed economies.

16
Asian Currencies
India
Rupee