GIRDING FOR WAR: The North and the South

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GIRDING FOR WAR The North and the South

• A.P. American History
• Chapter 20

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South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter

• By the time Lincoln took office, March 4th, 1861,
  7 states had already departed and 8 more were
  teetering
• Lincolns inaugural address- Pg. 418

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South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter

• The South seized all federal forts, arsenals, and
  ports.
• Ft. Sumter remained in federal hands- Explain- pg
  419-420
• April, 15th- Lincoln issued a call for 75,000
  volunteers- 90 day enlistment
• April 19th- Union blockaded southern ports
• Southern response- 4 more states seceded-
  Virginia, Ark., Tenn., and N.C.

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THE BORDER STATES

• Border States- Slave states that did not secede
  from the Union- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and
  Delaware
• Border states had a vast white majority
• Double the manufacturing of the other slave
  states.
• Ohio River was the northern border- important
  transportation route.
• Lincoln- I hope I have God on my side, but I
  must have Kentucky.

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THE BORDER STATES
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THE BORDER STATES

• Lincoln used some harsh measures to keep the
  border states in the Union
• Maryland- Declared martial law, threw hundreds of
  people into jail without trial or charges.
• West Virginia and Missouri- Stationed a large
  number of troops.
• Lincoln could not declare the Civil War a war
  against slavery, did not want to upset the border
  states. (Butternut region of Ohio)
• Reason for the war was to save the Union (page
  420-421)

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BILLY YANK- JOHNNY REB

• Many northern volunteers from southern states.
• Mt whites- 50,000
• 300,000 from the South
• Many southern volunteers from northern states
• Many border states provided thousands of troops
  to the south
• Split families

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BALANCE OF FORCES

• SOUTH
• Fighting a defensive war
• North had to invade and conquer
• Fighting on their own soil-their way of life
• Strong morale
• Most talented officers
• Southern man was an excellent soldier
• Taken over northern forts and armories
• Few industries
• Severe shortages
• Lack of transportation
• Population of 9 million

• NORTH
• ¾ of nations wealth
• ¾ of Railroad lines
• Large navy controlled the sea
• Blockade
• Trade with Europe
• Population of 22 million
• Immigration continued
• Not prepared to fight
• Poor leaders
• Page 425

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DETHRONING KING COTTON

• The South counted on foreign support
• Aristocratic classes of Europe were sympathetic
  to the South
• Working people of Europe supported the North
• Southern cotton producers felt that the British
  textile companies were dependent on southern
  cotton
• Why were they wrong (Pg 426)

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LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME LIBERTIES

• The Decisiveness of Diplomacy- 427
• Foreign Flare-ups- 427-428
• Read on your own
• President Davis vs. President Lincoln-427-428
• LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME INDUSTRIES
• Lincoln took questionable constitutional actions
• Proclaimed a blockade w/o congressional approval
• Increased the size of the military w/o
  congressional approval
• Suspended Writs of Habeas Corpus for
  Anti-Unionists
• Pg 429

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Volunteers and Draftees

• NORTH
• 1861-1863-Volunteer army, based on states
  population
• 1663- Congress passed a federal conscription
  (draft)
• Hire substitute- 300
• N.Y. Draft Riots
• More than 90 of Union troops were volunteers
• Bounties and Bounty Jumpers

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Volunteers and Draftees

• SOUTH
• 1861-1862- Relied on volunteers
• 1862- Conscription in the South (draft)
• Substitute Provision
• Slave owners of 20 were exempt
• Rich mans war and poor mans fight

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Economic Stresses of War

• NORTH
• Financing the war
• Excise tax on tobacco and alcohol
• Income Tax- 1st time in American history
• Increase in Tariff revenues-some protective
  tariffs
• Printing of paper money-Greenbacks-Inflation
• Selling of war bonds

• SOUTH
• Financing the war
• Little tariff income- Blockade
• Selling of war bonds
• Because the states were supreme, the Federal
  government was blocked from raising taxes too
  much
• Printing of paper money- Fantastic
  Inflation-9,000

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The Norths Economic Boom

• Read Page 432
• Labor saving devices enabled the North to expand
  economically
• Sewing machine
• Mechanical Reapers and farm machinery
• Discovery of oil- A whole new industry

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WOMEN AND WAR

• Women took male jobs- More opportunities
• Factory Jobs
• Govt. Jobs
• 400 women posed as men and fought
• Worked as spies
• Elizabeth Blackwell- U.S. Sanitation Commission
• Clara Barton- Dorthea Dix
• Pages 433
• A Crushed Cotton Kingdom- Page 433