Electronic Components

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Electronic Components

• Circuit/Schematic Symbols

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RESISTOR

• Resistors restrict the flow of electric current,
  for example a resistor is placed in series with a
  light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current
  passing through the LED.

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CAPACITORS

• Capacitors store electric charge.
• They are used with resistors in timing circuits
  because it takes time for a capacitor to fill
  with charge.

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DIODES

• Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one
  direction.
• The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
  direction in which the current can flow.
• Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and
  early diodes were actually called valves.

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TRANSISTOR

• Transistors amplify current, for example they can
  be used to amplify the small output current from
  a logic chip so that it can operate a lamp, relay
  or other high current device.
• In many circuits a resistor is used to convert
  the changing current to a changing voltage, so
  the transistor is being used to amplify voltage.

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SWITCH

• A simple on-off switch.
• This type can be used to switch the power supply
  to a circuit.

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SPEAKER

• Loudspeakers are output transducers which convert
  an electrical signal to sound.
• Usually they are called 'speakers'.
• They require a driver circuit, such as a 555
  astable or an audio amplifier, to provide a signal

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LAMP

• Lamps emit light when an electric current passes
  through them

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TRANSFORMERS COILS

• Transformers convert AC electricity from one
  voltage to another with little loss of power.
• Transformers work only with AC

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BATTERY

• Supplies electrical energy.
• A battery is more than one cell.

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VACUUM TUBES

• The function of a vacuum tube is to switch or
  amplify electricity

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INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (IC)

• Integrated Circuits are usually called ICs or
  chips.
• They are complex circuits which have been etched
  onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon).
• The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with
  pins spaced on a 0.1" (2.54mm) grid which will
  fit the holes on stripboard and breadboards.
• Very fine wires inside the package link the chip
  to the pins.

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VOLTAGE REGULATOR

• A Voltage Regulator (also called a "regulator")
  has only three legs and appears to be a
  comparatively simple device but it is actually a
  very complex integrated circuit.
• A regulator converts varying input voltage and
  produces a constant "regulated" output voltage.
• Voltage regulators are available in a variety of
  outputs, typically 5 volts, 9 volts and 12 volts.
• The last two digits in the name indicate the
  output voltage. LM7805 5 volts