Please read this before using presentation

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Please read this before using presentation

• This presentation is based on content presented
  at the Mines Safety Roadshow held in October 2009
• It is made available for non-commercial use (e.g.
  toolbox meetings) subject to the condition that
  the PowerPoint is not altered without permission
  from Resources Safety
• Supporting resources, such as brochures and
  posters, are available from Resources Safety
• For resources, information or clarification,
  please contact
• RSDComms_at_dmp.wa.gov.au
• or visit
• www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

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Toolbox presentation

• Engaging people in the safety process
• Nodding off what rest works

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• "Our society has valued people who brag about
  being able to function on very little sleep as a
  mark of someone who is aggressive, dynamic,
  successful.
• Dr Neil Kavey, Director, Sleep Disorder Center,
  Columbia University Medical Center

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Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity

• Source Extended working hours in Australia
  counting the costs
• Department of Industrial Relations, Queensland,
  2001
• Ability to comprehend complex situations without
  distraction
• after one night of sleep deprivation,
  individuals lost attention during decision
  making to miniscule details that had no impact
  on the situation outcome.
• Monitoring events and improving strategies
• subjects became distracted from critical
  tasksand took longer on tasks that had been
  dealt with quickly before.

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Effects of fatigue onperformance and
productivity (continued)

• Risk assessment and accurate prediction of
  consequences
• fatigued individuals are more likely to
  engage in risk taking behaviours.
• Thinking laterally and being innovative
• innovative thinking and the generation of
  ideas showed obvious deterioration. These latter
  skills are essential in dealing with complex and
  unpredictable situations.

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Effects of fatigue onperformance and
productivity (continued)

• Personal interest in the outcome
• a sense of futility interferes with the
  willingness to apply effort.
• Controlling mood and behaviour
• Mood states and behaviours, including lack of
  regard for normal social conventions, childish
  humour, impatience, irritability and
  inappropriate interpersonal behaviours have all
  been described

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Effects of fatigue onperformance and
productivity (continued)

• Monitoring personal performance
• Sleep deprivation has been associated with an
  impairment of low-level tasks, including visual
  perception, vigilance, reaction time and mental
  arithmetic..
• Recollection of timing of events
• Sleep deprivation may confuse individuals when
  remembering serial ordering of facts, events,
  instructions, or encounters with colleagues.

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Effects of fatigue onperformance and
productivity (continued)

• Effective communication
• during sleep deprivation, subjects dropped
  the intensity of their voice, paused for long
  intervals without apparent reason, enunciated
  very poorly or mumbled instructions inaudibly,
  mispronounced, slurred or ran words together and
  repeated themselves or lost their place in the
  sequence.
• sleep deprivation was found to increase
  response reaction time to received messages in a
  setting of constant distraction.

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Percentage of people sleepingless than 6 hours
(USA)
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Percentage of people sleeping more than 8 hours
(USA)
Source CNN.com/health, Why we're sleeping less,
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Australian pattern of work

• Proportion of males working longer than 11 hours
  per day
• 1974 One in 18 ??????????????????
• 1997 One in 8 ????????
• Source Michael Bittman James Mahmud Rice,
  2002, The spectre of overwork an analysis of
  trends between 1974 and 1997 using Australian
  time-use diaries. Labour and Industry, vol. 12,
  No. 3, p. 5-25

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Vol. 24, 1998 (Supplement 3)

• Accident risk as a function of hour at work and
  time of day as determined from accident data and
  exposure models for the German working population
• Method
• Data on more than 1.2 million accidents in 1994,
  listed according to time of day and hours at work
• Result
• Exponentially increasing accident risk observed
  beyond the 9th hour at work

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27 February 2001 Gary Harts leisure

• 4.36 pm Mobile phone call, 123 hours
• 8.25 pm Mobile phone call, 023 minutes
• 9.25 pm Gary Hart sends text message
• 9.48 pm Mobile phone call, 300 hours
• 10.24 pm Logged on to internet, 534 hours
• 4.13 am Woman's final text message

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28 February 2001 Gary Hart driving

• 613 am Gary Hart falls asleep while driving his
  Land Rover along M62 motorway
• Vehicle runs down embankment onto southbound
  railway track
• Hart makes emergency phone call from beside track
  when southbound passenger train collides at over
  120 mph
• Northbound freight train collides with first
  train
• 10 dead, 82 injured

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Lessons for mining industry

• Intense work (e.g. complex tasks, time pressures,
  high responsibility) creates difficulty in
  switching off and unwinding, while shift work,
  situational constraints, low autonomy, and
  closely-regulated work tend to reduce
  individuals control over their work pace, and
  increase the effort required.
• Under such conditions, there is a greater need
  for rest and recovery.

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What is rest

• Rest involves a break from work, but not doing
  nothing
• A change of activity, and associated change in
  demands, may have an equally, or greater,
  beneficial effect.
• Source Katharine R Parkes, Offshore working
  time in relation to performance, health and
  safety.

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What is rest that works?

• ? Enjoyable social leisure activities
• ? Not low effort activities (watching TV)
• ? Physical activities facilitate recovery
• ? Work-related activity during leisure hours has
  a
• consistently negative effect
• Source Katharine R Parkes, Offshore working
  time in relation to performance, health and
  safety, A review of current practice and
  evidence.

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Australian leisure time -changes from 1997 to
2006

• Sleep 5 minutes less per day
• Time spent eating and drinking decreased by 4
  minutes a day (to 1 hour 29 minutes)
• Source Australian Bureau of Statistics, 21.2.08

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Australian leisure timechanges from 1997 to
2006 (continued)

• Recreation and leisure decreased by 145 hours
  per week
• 1620 hours a week on audio or visual activities
• 213 hours a week on sport and outdoor activity
  (decrease of nearly 1 hour)
• Source Australian Bureau of Statistics, 21.2.08

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Sleep quality

• Environmental factors
• Weather
• Noise
• Lighting
• Mattress
• Sleep disorders
• Intrinsic (arising from within the body)
• Extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions
  or various pathologic conditions)
• Disturbances of circadian rhythm
• Night person vs day person

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Where does wellness at work begin?

• Before getting to work
• Educate about healthy living
• Image source www.sporttaranaki.org.nz

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10 messages to motivate sleep

• 1. Sleep keeps your heart healthy
• 2. Sleep may prevent cancer
• 3. Sleep reduces stress
• 4. Sleep reduces inflammation
• 5. Sleep makes you more alert
• Source Mark Stibich, 2009, Why sleep matters
  to you, www.about.com

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10 messages to motivate sleep (continued)

• 6. Sleep bolsters your memory
• 7. Sleep may help you lose weight
• 8. Naps make you smarter
• 9. Sleep may reduce your risk for depression
• 10. Sleep helps the body make repairs

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Guidance
Working hours code of practice and
guidelines www.dmp.wa.gov.au
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Possible toolbox resources

• Dead tired interview with Seanan
• Two-part documentary screened on SBS
  www.sbs.com.au
• Healthy 25 year old
• Black belt martial arts practitioner
• High achiever, paramedic
• Voluntarily had only 3 hours sleep per night
• Interviewed on 5th day
• How many of the effects of fatigue discussed
  earlier can you recognise?

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Possible toolbox resources (continued)

• Discussion topic
• Holistic approach to wellness at work
• Can an employer educate workforce not only about
  wellness at work but also wellness in life?
• What are some of the issues associated with this?
• If an employer did want to raise awareness of
  this subject, how might they go about it?

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Possible toolbox resources (continued)

• Develop a fatigue management strategy
• Scenario
• You are managing the shutdown for refurbishing
  of a piece of equipment that is essential in the
  processing plant. Previously, the equipment has
  been offline for 48 hours during this procedure.
• How might you build fatigue management into the
  schedule?

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