Feeding the World

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Feeding the World
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Sect. 1 Objectives

• Identify the major causes of malnutrition.
• Compare the environmental costs of producing
  different types of food.
• Explain how food distribution problems and
  drought can lead to famine.
• Explain the importance of the green revolution.

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Nutrition

• What is good nutrition/a balanced diet?
• 4 food groups
• Dairy - calcium
• Protein
• Bread carbohydrates
• Fruits and veggies - vitamins
• My Food Pyramid
• mypyramid.gov
• What are Calories?
• How many should you have a day?

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Malnutrition when someone does not eat enough
calories or different foods to fulfill the bodies
needs.

• Corn or Rice diets protein malnutrition
• Effects physical and mental development
• Majority of foods produced in the world are
  carbohydrates

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• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vL3abZswA5XY
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v7-0y_H7OGgQ

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Ecology of Food

• Food efficiency
• energy resources FOOD
  
• Cow 1,000,000 calories per acre
• Corn 2,000,000 calories per acre
• Potatoes 8,500,000 calories per acre
• Which has the highest yield?
• What would you plant to feed a large population?

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World Food Problems

• The world currently produces enough grain to feed
  10 billion people.
• People eat too much
• People want meat
• Poverty
• More money more technology/equipment more
  food

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Impact on Environment

• Livestock vs. Grains
• What are livestock fed?
• Where is that grown?
• What is the yield?

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The Green Revolution

• New varieties of grains yield more on the same
  land
• Lowered the price
• But!!
• They use more
• fertilizer and water
• Some farmers dont
• have the money to
• upgrade

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AgricultureCrops and Soil
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Sect. 2 Objectives

• Distinguish between traditional and modern
  agricultural techniques.
• Describe fertile soil.
• Describe the need for soil conservation.
• Explain the benefits and environmental impacts of
  pesticide use.
• Explain what is involved in integrated pest
  management.
• Explain how genetic engineering is used in
  agriculture.

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Traditional

• Plowing
• pushed by farmer or pulled by livestock
• Fertilization
• Manure and plant waste
• Irrigation
• Water flowing through a ditch
• Pest Control
• ??
• Weeding
• Pulled by hand

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Modern

• Plowing and harvesting
• machines
• Fertilization
• Synthetic chemicals
• Irrigation
• Overhead sprinklers and drip systems
• Pest Control
• Synthetic chemicals

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Soil

• Fertile can support the growth of healthy
  plants
• Fertile topsoil organisms, rocks, water, air,
  organic matter (dead and decomposing organisms)
• Soil is rocks broken down into tiny pieces
• Takes thousands of years

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How do organisms help make fertile soil?
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Topsoil Erosion
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Land Degradation- when land is damaged so it
cannot support the local ecosystem

• Desertification making land more desert like
• Ex Sahel desert fallow period disappearing

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• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vw9RxnuBiFbg

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Soil Conservation

• Ways to conserve
• Terracing
• Contour plowing
• Drip irrigation
• No-till farming

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Compost- partly decomposed organic matter

• Adds nutrients to the soil
• Manure
• Food waste
• Yard waste

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Pest Control

• Worldwide insects destroy about 33 of food
  crops
• Wild plants vs. food crops natural defenses

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Pesticides chemicals used to kill insects,
weeds, and other crop pests

• Chemicals do the job very well
• But at what cost??
• Resistance the ability of an organism to
  survive exposure to a particular pesticide
• Pollution - DDT

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Biological Pest Control the use of living
organisms to control pests

• Pathogens
• Genetically modified foods bred to have
  defenses against pests
• Chemical defenses chemicals that repel pests
• Physical defenses tougher skin
• Natural plant chemicals as a pesticide
• Introduction of nonnative species
• Can be very harmful
• Pheromones confuse insects

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• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vHj3DwimxvvY

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Pest Control Timeline

• Biological natural proceedures
• Cultivation control vacuuming insects
• Insecticides
• New Insesticide

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The Day it Rained Cats

• Malaria carried by mosquitoes
• DDT
• Dead wasps
• Roofs fell in too many caterpillars
• Tin roof
• Dead cats
• Rats
• Plague
• Flying Cats

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Genetic Engineering- when genetic material is
modified to produce a better product

• Selective breeding early GE
• GE today taking good genes from one organism
  and inserting them into another
• Creates Genetically Modified (GM) Foods
• We still do not know that full remifications of
  GE our food.
• Salmon genes in tomotoes

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• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vqn52Ed1q4rk

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Sustainable Agriculture- farming that conserves
natural resources and helps keep the land
productive indefinatly

• Low energy input
• Low water
• Low pesticides
• Low fertilizers
• Pest resistance crops

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Animals and Agriculture
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Sect. 3 Objectives

• Explain how overharvesting affects the supply of
  aquatic organisms used for food.
• Describe the current role of aquaculture in
  providing seafood.
• Describe the importance of livestock in providing
  food and other products.

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Animals

• Domesticated animals that are bred and managed
  for human use
• Cows, horse, pig, fish etc.
• Overharvesting taking more organisms from a
  population than the population can replace
• No-fishing zones
• Examples?

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Aquaculture - raising aquatic organisms for
human use and consumption

• 20 of the animal protein eaten around the world
• Fish Farms
• Oyster farms
• Ranch raised till they are a certain age the
  released
• Ex salmon
• Produces pollution b/c of excess waste

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Livestock

• Provide food, leather, wool, eggs, fertilizer,
  etc.
• Ruminants cud-chewing animals that have 3 or 4
  chambered stomachs
• Ex cow, sheep, goats
• Can digest cellulose from plants that humans cant