Understanding Ecosystems!

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Understanding Ecosystems!
Reminder student learning activities are at the
end of this power point.
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Common Core/ Next Generation Science Addressed

• MS-LS2-1.-Analyze and interpret data to provide
  evidence for the effects of resource availability
  on organisms and populations of organisms in an
  ecosystem.
• MS-LS2-3. - Develop a model to describe the
  cycling of matter and flow of energy among
• living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
• MS-LS2-4. - Construct an argument supported by
  empirical evidence that changes to physical
• or biological components of an ecosystem affect
  populations.
• MS-LS2-2. -Construct an explanation that predicts
  patterns of interactions among organisms
• across multiple ecosystems.
• MS-LS2-5.- Evaluate competing design solutions
  for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem
• services.
• RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to
  support analysis of science and technical texts.
• (MS-LS1-6),(MS-LS2-1),(MS-LS2-4)
• RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical
  information expressed in words in a text with
• a version of that information expressed visually
  (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram,
• model, graph, or table). (MS-LS2-1)

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Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Addressed!

• NRS.01. Plan and conduct natural resource
  management activities that apply
• logical, reasoned and scientifically based
  solutions to natural resource issues and goals.
• NRS.01.01. Apply methods of classification to
  examine natural resource availability and
  ecosystem function in a particular region.
• Sample Measurement The following sample
  measurement strands are provided to guide the
  development of measurable activities, at
  different levels of proficiency, to assess
  students attainment of knowledge and skills
  related to this performance indicator. The topics
  represented by each strand are not
  all-encompassing.
• NRS.01.01.02.a. Summarize the components that
  comprise all ecosystems.

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Bell Work!

• What type of environmental problems do we face
  here in New Mexico?
• What type of forests are found in New Mexico?
• Where would you find an ecosystem?

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Student Learning Objectives

• 1. Explain the role of ecology in the
  environment.
• 2. Describe community organization, structure,
  and food chains.
• 3. Describe natural selection and succession.
• 4. Explain homeostasis.
• 5. Identify population ecology and trends
  affecting population growth.
• 6. Identify and distinguish between biomes.

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Terms

• Biome
• Biosphere
• Carnivore
• Community
• Competition
• Decomposer
• Ecology
• Ecosystem

• Food chain
• Habitat
• Herbivore
• Homeostasis
• Natural selection
• Niche
• Omnivore

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Terms

• Population density
• Population ecology
• Predation
• Producer
• Succession
• Transformer

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Interest Approach

• If you were on a deserted island with only 10
  pounds of corn and a dairy goat, what would you
  do?
• Would you eat the corn and the goat?
• Would you eat the goat and plant the corn?
• Would you plant some of the corn and feed the
  rest to the goat?
• Approach Two Daily factors affect the
  relationship between the environment and living
  organisms. Ask students to identify some of the
  relationships. These relationships will be
  investigated in this lesson.

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Objective 1

• Explain the role of ecology in the environment.

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What is the role of Ecology in the Environment?

• Ecology is the study of how living organisms
  exist in their environment.

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What is the role of Ecology in the Environment?

• A. Biosphere is the area of the earth that
  supports life.
• B. An Ecosystem is a self-contained living system.

Forestry Supply Company
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What is the role of Ecology in the Environment?

• 1. The biotic portion of an ecosystem is living.
• 2. The abiotic portion is non-living.
• 3. The biotic portion relies on the abiotic
  portion.
• For example, plants, which are biotic, require
  soil nutrients, which are abiotic.
• 4. The biotic portion may rely on other biotic
  factors.
• For example, animals eat plants.

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Artwork supplied with permission of Interstate
Publishers, Inc
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Objective Two

• Describe community organization, structure, and
  food chains.

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How does the Community Function?

• A Community is a collection of plants and
  animals that live together.

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Artwork supplied with permission of Interstate
Publishers, Inc
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How does the Community Function?

• Habitat is the natural home of a plant or animal.
• 1. The interactions of biotic and abiotic
  factors form habitats.
• 2. Habitat may be terrestrial (land), aquatic
  (water), or a combination (wetland).
• 3. A change in a portion of the habitat affects
  all organisms present.

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How does the Community Function?

• A Niche is the special way of living that an
  organism has in a community.
• 1. It includes available food, shelter, way of
  life, and relationships.
• 2. Each organism makes unique contributions to
  its habitat.

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How does the Community Function?

• The Food chain is the sequence in which the
  living organisms in a community obtain their
  food.
• 1. Producers are plants that make food through
  photosynthesis.
• 2. Transformers are organisms that take in
  producers and synthesize more complex forms of
  food.
• 3. Decomposers are organisms that break down
  organic materials into their constituents for
  re-use by the environment.

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How does the Community Function?

• Feeding groups are segments of a food chain that
  consume certain types of food.
• 1. Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.
• 2. Carnivores are animals that eat only flesh of
  other animals.
• 3. Omnivores are animals that eat both plants
  and animals.

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Objective Three

• Describe natural selection and succession.

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What is Natural Selection and Succession?

• Organisms must adapt to changes in their
  environment to survive.

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What is Natural Selection and Succession?

• Natural selection is when life forms that are
  best adapted to their environment survive longer
  and leave more offspring.
• 1. Adaptation occurs when species tolerate
  changes in the environment.
• 2. Advantageous traits are emphasized in natural
  selection, i.e. more dominant features are passed
  on to offspring.

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What is Natural Selection and Succession?

• Succession is replacement of one community with
  another.
• 1. The species with the lowest biomass grow
  first.
• 2. Natural events or human interference control
  the speed of succession.

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Objective 4

• Explain Homeostasis

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What is Homeostasis?

• Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to
  maintain a fairly constant internal environment
  when the external environment changes.

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What is Homeostasis?

• B. The organism is affected by
• 1. Climate
• 2. Moisture
• 3. Temperature
• 4. Light
• 5. Soil
• 6. Periodicity (when things occur in regular
  intervals)

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Objective 5

• Identify population ecology and trends affecting
  population growth.

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population ecology is the study of how
  populations of organisms affect each other in a
  community.

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population ecology considers three primary
  factors.
• 1. Population density is the measure of how
  crowded organisms are in a community.
• A. A higher density means more competition for
  resources.
• B. Weaker individuals may not survive in areas
  of high population density.

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population ecology considers three primary
  factors. (continued)
• 2. The age of a population is classified as
• A. Pre-reproductive young organisms not yet
  reproducing.
• B. Reproductive age at which reproduction
  occurs.
• C. Post reproductive past normal age of
  reproduction.

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population ecology considers three primary
  factors. (continued)
• 3. Distribution describes the spatial relation
  between organisms in the community.
• A. Some organisms will cluster (i.e. squirrels
  around a tree).
• B. Some scattering is often needed (i.e. trees
  require space to grow).

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population growth studies the natural trends in
  the population of a community.
• 1. Immigration organisms move into a community.
• 2. Emigration organisms move out of a
  community.
• 3. Natality production of new individuals in a
  community.
• 4. Mortality death rate of a community.

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What are population ecology and what trends
affect populationgrowth?

• Population growth studies the natural trends in
  the population of a community. (continued)
• 5. Competition organisms share the same
  resources to live.
• A. Increased competition may stunt growth.
• B. Competition may be created by increasing
  population density.
• 6. Predation one living organism serves as
  food for another.

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Objective 6

• Identify and distinguish between biomes.

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How are biomes different?

• Biomes are unique combinations of plants and
  animals.

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How are biomes different?

• A. There are five major terrestrial biomes.
• 1. Tropical forests are characterized by a warm,
  wet climate.
• 2. Temperate forests are common forests in the
  U.S.
• 3. Grasslands and savannas are areas where
  grasses normally grow.

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How are biomes different?

• A. There are five major terrestrial
  biomes(continued)
• 4. Tundra (low temperature and short growing
  season) and taiga (cold climate with
• conifer forests) represent minimal diversity.
• 5. Deserts support some plant and animals.

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How are biomes different?

• B. There are four major aquatic biomes that are
  dependent on water type and movement.
• 1. Lakes and ponds provide a habitat for
  freshwater organisms.
• 2. Streams vary by water temperature and water
  flow.

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How are biomes different?

• B. There are four major aquatic biomes that are
  dependent on water type and movement. (continued)
• 3. Oceans provide a suitable habitat for
  organisms that would not survive in
• freshwater.
• 4. Wetlands (i.e. swamps and marshes) and
  estuaries (saltwater or freshwater where
• streams flow into oceans) are land areas that
  are affected by water.

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Review / Summary

• What is Ecology?
• Identify the term community.
• How is a Niche and a Community alike and how are
  they different?
• Identify the correct term for animals that eat
  plants, animals that eat meat, and animals that
  eat both plants and meat.

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Review / Summary (continued)

• How are Biomes different?
• Identify the five major biomes.

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The End!
NEXT Student Learning Activities
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Student Learning Activities

• Sample tests are available under the Lesson Plan
  tab.

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Food Web Name ____________________________________
1. For the food web, label each organism (Some
may have more than one label) P producer
1 Primary Consumer 2 Secondary Consumer 3
Tertiary Consumer 4 Quaternary Consumer 2.
Label each animal as either a H herbivore C
carnivore O omnivore
3. Create your own food web on the back of this
paper. You do not need to draw pictures, you
could just write the words. Animals that you
should include on your web are MOUSE, CORN,
BLUEBIRD, KING SNAKE, HAWK, CAT, and CRICKET.
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Name _____________________________
Fill in the chart. With the energy that flows
through plants.
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KEY