Principles of Democracy

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Principles of Democracy

• Unit 1, Ch1 Intro

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Supreme Law of the Land

• In the United States, the US Constitution is the
  Supreme Law.
• No law and no person can override the
  Constitution.

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The Principles of Democracy

• are the basic rules that the people of the
  United States live by.
• Are 7 basic principles or rules for all of us to
  follow in order to peacefully live together as
  one nation.

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Principles of Democracy

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
• Limited Government
• FEDERALISM
• Republicanism
• SEPARATION OF POWERS
• Checks and Balances
• INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

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Click on the Principles below to continue
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Republicanism
Individual Rights
Checks and Balances
Finished ALL of the above? Then click here for
review
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Popular Sovereignty

• Political power rests with the people who can
  create, alter and abolish their government.
• In our country, this principle is found in the
  Constitutions __________

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Preamble

• We the People of the United States, in order to
  form a more perfect union, . do ordain and
  establish this Constitution for the United States
  of America.

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We, the People can

• Amend the Constitution to keep up with todays
  generation
• Elect our representatives to go to Congress to
  express our wishes
• Petition the government to do something we want
• And lots more!!

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Remember

• Popular Sovereignty means We, the People control
  our government!

Return to Principles
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Limited Government

• Does this mean we can tell our government what to
  do or what not to do?

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YES!!!

• In the Constitution, the people established the
  government to serve us. We were tired of the
  abusive King and fought for independence. We did
  not want to be abused by another king or
  government so we .

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MADE RULES FOR GOVERNMENT!
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Powers granted

• Government can only do certain things like
• Pass new laws or taxes if a majority of our
  representatives in Congress agrees
• Coin money
• Make treaties with foreign nations
• Raise an army and navy
• Regulate trade between the states interstate
  commerce
• And more.

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Powers denied

• Government can NOT do certain things
• Why is First Lady Michelle Obama not called a
  Queen?
• We have no titles of nobility in the United
  States
• Can Congress pass a law today that says what we
  did yesterday was wrong?

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NO WAY!

• These types of laws are called ex post facto
  laws. The Constitution prohibits Congress and
  state governments from passing such unfair laws.
• Can a state declare war on another country?

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NO.

• The Constitution only gives the national
  government the power to declare war.
• Think of the mess we would be in if 50 different
  states could declare war!

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Limited Government

• Congress and the state governments are restricted
  by what the Constitution says.
• -- Think of the Constitution as the governments
  parents!

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Federalism

• Is the distribution of power between the national
  government, the states governments and local
  governments.
• Refers to the different levels within our
  government.

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Federalism

• Compare to a building with 3 floors

National
State
Local
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Federalism, contd.

• Each level of government has its own
  responsibilities.
• Sometimes, these responsibilities are shared or
  overlap known as concurrent powers . For
  example, taxes national income tax, state
  sales tax, local property tax

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• Sometimes, these responsibilities belong to just
  one level. For example,
• National can declare war,
• States can determine drivers license
  requirements or high school
  diploma requirements

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Federalism

• Levels of government --- 3 layers
• Remember
• you are a resident of Alachua County,
• a resident of the State of Florida, and
• a citizen of the United States

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Federalism

• National,
• state and
• local
• governments working under one Constitution

Click here to return to Principles ?
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Republicanism

• A form of government where the people vote for
  representatives to make laws and run the
  government on their behalf to take care of the
  people

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Republicanisms tie to Popular Sovereignty?

• The People control the government by voting for
  elected representatives ?
• the representatives meet with other
  representatives to make laws for the public good
  ?
• if the representatives
  abuse the people, the people take back their
  consent and vote them out of office ?
• then the people vote for elected
  representatives .
• THE CYCLE PERPETUATES ITSELF!

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Separation of Powers

• Each branch of government is given an equal, but
  different, set of powers
• The US Constitution is divided into different
  Articles (like chapters in your book)

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Each of the first 3 articles deals with a
different branch of government

• Article I ? Legislature (Congress)
• Article II ? Executive (President)
• Article III ? Judiciary (Supreme Court and other
  courts)

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Responsibilities

• Each branch has a different responsibility in our
  government ---
• Legislative branch -- makes our laws
• Executive branch enforces our laws
• Judicial branch interprets our laws

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This diagram illustrates the separation of powers
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Separation of Powers

• Think each branch of government not only has
  different powers but also different buildings!
• Capitol Legislative
• White House Executive
• Supreme Court building Judiciary

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• Theres no way you can walk into all 3 buildings
  at the same time!

Return to Principles ?
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Checks and Balances

• The ability of each branch of government to
  oversee the other branches, to prevent abuse and
  to keep everything in balance or
• No branch is superior over the other two.

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• Example Congress passes a law the President
  thinks is wrong. The President checks Congress by
  

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• Using the VETO to refuse to sign and make into
  law.

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• Congress thinks the President is wrong.
  Congress checks the President by

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Re-passing the law with a 2/3 vote or override.

• The Supreme Court thinks Congress or the
  President is wrong. The Court can

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• Declare the law or action unconstitutional
• by using judicial review to compare the law or
  action to what the Constitution says.

Return to TAKS question 2
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Checks and Balances

• Keeps our system even

? Return to Principles
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Surprise! Essay Prompt (14pts)

• Identify and describe what you believe the
  purpose of government should be and why that
  purpose is most significant.
• Explain six (6) means by which that purpose ought
  to be fulfilled through the application of laws,
  social programs or economic incentives.

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Individual Rights

• Each person in the United States has rights
• The Declaration of
  Independence spoke of
• these as being
• unalienable or
• not separate from you

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By limiting government and separating powers the
Constitution provides .
Protection

• For your Rights!

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More protection is provided by the ah, let me
think, the
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Bill of Rights!

• The First 10 amendments to the Constitution
• Prohibits Congress or the national government
  from taking away your basic rights

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• Can you list some examples of your rights found
  in the Bill of Rights?

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1st Amendment

• Freedom of Speech
• Freedom of the Press
• Freedom of Assembly
• Freedom to Petition
• Free Exercise of Religion
• No Government Established Religion

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• 4th Amendment no unreasonable search without a
  warrant
• 5th Amendment right to not incriminate yourself
• 6th Amendment right to attorney

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Wow! What a list?!

• Are these the only rights you have?

or
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No!

• In case they forgot to list some rights, the 9th
  and 10th Amendments cover all other rights not
  listed in Amendments 1-8. Example right to
  privacy

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Are your rights absolute?
Can you exercise your rights at any time?
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Sorry, the answer is no.

• Your rights are limited by the rights of the
  person standing next to you.

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• Think of your rights as a bubble that walks
  around with you. When you go down the hall, your
  rights bump into someone elses rights!

Return to Principles
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Lets review

• Principles of Democracy are
• the rules our society used to form our government
• the rules we still use today to guide us

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Principles of Democracy include

• Popular Sovereignty
• Limited Government
• Individual rights
• Federalism
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances
• Republicanism

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TAKS Practice
No freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned or
dispossessed or in any way harmed except by
the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of
the land. --- Magna Carta, 1215

• Which aspect of the US government did this
  document most clearly influence?
• A. Separation of powers
• B. Guarantee of individual rights
• C. Duties of the president
• D. System of checks and balances

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Sorry, A is incorrect

• The phrase except by the lawful judgment of his
  peers refers to trial by jury while or by the
  law of the land refers to due process.
  Separation of powers refers to the different
  duties of governments branches.

Try again
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Sorry, C is incorrect

• Look again at the words imprisoned and
  judgment of his peers. These words refer to
  being sent to prison after a jury finds one
  guilty. The President cannot try a person.

Try again
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Sorry, D is incorrect.

• A system of checks and balances involves one
  person doing something and the other person
  seeing if it is right. When a teacher corrects
  your paper, he checks it for you. Here, the Magna
  Carta is talking about not sending someone to
  prison without a trial.

Try again
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You got it!

• B is correct. The excerpt is talking about the
  right to trial by jury and the right to due
  process. Both of these individual rights are
  guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

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TAKS again
Its a Go!! Supreme Court Reviews Bushs
Affirmative Action Plan

• 2. What principle does the headline illustrate?
• A. republicanism
• B. individual rights
• C. limited government
• D. checks and balances

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A is not the right answer.

• Republicanism involves elected representatives
  acting in place of the voters at home. The
  Supreme Court is not elected and does not
  directly represent the people.

Try again.
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Sorry, B is not the right answer.

• Although affirmative action is a civil right, it
  is not the answer because affirmative action is
  not the subject of the sentence its the
  object.

Try again
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Sorry. C is not the correct answer.

• This is a close one. The federal and state
  governments are limited in their powers but here
  the action verb is reviews. Define judicial
  review. Then look at what the Supreme
  Court is doing.

Try again
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Terrific! D is the answer!!

• The judicial branch is checking the governments
  action a plan for affirmative action to see if
  it follows the Constitution. The Court said this
  plan followed the Constitution and did not have
  to be changed.

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TAKS practice

• 3. When the federal courts required all public
  schools in all states to desegregate, Pres.
  Eisenhower sent troops to protect the Little
  Rock Nine and to implement the Brown decision.
  This action was an example of
• A. federalism.
• B. nullification.
• C. reverse discrimination.
• D. republicanism.

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B is not the right answer.

• Nullification means to declare a national law
  void and invalid to make useless. Although Gov.
  Faubus did try to nullify the courts orders, the
  action in the question concerns Pres. Eisenhower
  and his troops. What did Pres. Eisenhower think
  was ranked higher federal or state law?

Try again
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Sorry. C is not the right answer.

• Reverse discrimination means favoring minorities
  over whites. This question does not concern this
  issue.

Try again
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Missed D is not the correct answer.

• Republicanism involves elected representatives
  acting for the people. Congress is not involved
  in this question. Thats okay try again!

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Super! You really know your government!

• A is the correct answer. During integration the
  federal and state governments had to work
  together to advance civil rights. In the 1950s
  the federal government led the way for the states
  and kept the US Constitution supreme over state
  laws.

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Youve done a great job!

• Complete your worksheet including the diagrams
  on the back. If you have any blanks or wish to
  review again, you may.

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Clips Insert, Picture, Animation