Spread%20of%20Islam:%20The%20Messenger

1
Spread of Islam The Messenger

1. How far did the Islamic Empire stretch?
2. Why did the Islamic religion spread so quickly?
3. What building did Christians and Muslims share?
4. What building did the Muslims construct in
   Jerusalem? What is its significance?

2
Chapter 11 The Islamic World

• Section 2 The Spread of Islam

3
Expansion of Islam

• Abu Bakr becomes successor to Muhammad
• Caliph- successor to the Prophet
• Unites Arabic tribes
• Expands Islamic influence northward

4
Umar

• Succeeds Abu Bakr as caliph
• Strong leader with a well-run government
• Muslim Empire includes Syria, Persia, and North
  Africa

5
(No Transcript)
6
Arab Policies

• Conquered with war and treaties
• Did not require people to convert to Islam
• Accepted Christian and Jewish teachings
• Could choose to accept Islam or pay extra taxes
• Some who refused to convert were killed

7
Continued Expansion

• Within 100 years of Muhammads death, Muslims
  controlled part of India and much of North Africa
• Gained control of Mediterranean islands for trade
  routes
• By A.D. 711 Muslims had entered Spain and brought
  Islam to Europe

8
Division in the Islamic Community

• Disagreements about who should be caliph
• Uthman (successor of Umar) was murdered Ali is
  chosen as successor
• Mu awiyah (relative of Uthman) accuses Ali of
  helping the killers
• War breaks out Mu awiyah becomes caliph

9
Sunni

• Muslims who accepted Mu awiyah as caliph
• Followers of the Sunna way of the Prophet
• Believed that agreement among the Muslim people
  should settle the religious matter

10
Shi ah (Shiite)

• Insist that descendants of Ali should be caliph
• Imams - Alis descendants should decide
  religious and worldly matters
• The rift deepened when Mu awiyahs descendents
  killed Alis son, Husayn
• The division still exists today only 10 of
  Muslims are Shi ah

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Sufi

• Simple lives centered around God
• Faith of God was the only mark of a persons
  worth
• Rabi ah al- Adawiyah- first female Sufi mystic
• Poetry and writings still inspire Muslims today

14
Empire Continues to Spread

• Berbers led a Muslim army to Spain under Tariq
• Crossed between Africa and Europe- known as Jabal
  Tariq (Rock of Gibraltar)
• Became known as the Moors
• ruled Spain for 700 years

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
The Turks and Islam

• 1100s Arab Muslim expansion ends and Turks become
  ruling force in Islam
• Turkish troops settle around Baghdad, Iraq to
  serve the caliph
• Turks loyalty begin to shift to a sultan ruled
  the Turks claimed to serve the caliph

19
The Turks and Islam

• 1000s A.D. Turkish Muslims seized Syria,
  Mesopotamia, Asia Minor
• Defeated Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in
  1071 A.D.
• 1250s A.D. Turkish Muslim expansion slowed
• Christians began to capture cities in the West
• Mongols destroyed Baghdad in the East

20
(No Transcript)