12.3

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12.3 The Mongol Empire
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Kublai Khan

• Grandson of Genghis Khan focused on building
  the Khanate of the Great Khan
• 1279 Overwhelms the Chinese 1st foreign power
  to conquer China
• Kublai Khan founds the Yuan Dynasty
• Unites China
• Opens China to foreign trade contact
• Few changes made to Chinese culture government
• Moves seat of power from Mongolia to China
  (Beijing)

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Kublai Khans Empire
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Failure in Japan

• Kublai Khans Goal acquire Japan
• Attempts invasions in 1274 1281
• Forces Koreans to supply goods ships for the
  invasions
• 2nd Invasion 150K largest invasion force in
  history (before WW2)
• Invasion force destroyed by the kamikaze, or
  divine wind

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Rule in China

• Problems
• Nomadic ways in a sophisticated society
• Few Mongolians many Chinese
• Mongolians live separately from Chinese follow
  different laws
• Mongolians Foreigners in high offices No
  loyalties
• Grand Canal extended to Beijing parallel
  highway

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Trade Marco Polo

• Open trade from Asia to Europe
• Porcelain, silks, gunpowder, compass, paper
  money, etc
• Kublai Khan invited foreign merchants to China ?
  Marco Polo
• Traveled along the Silk Road
• Serves Kublai for 17 years on government missions
• Polo was taken prisoner by Genoa Writes of his
  travels Chinese culture

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End of Mongol Rule

• End of Kublai Khans reign cracks in the empire
• Humiliating defeats in Southeast Asia
• Heavy spending on wars, public works, luxuries
  over-taxation
• 1294 Kublai Khan dies
• Yuan Dynasty declines 4 khans in 8 years

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The Summer Palace
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End of Mongol Rule (c.)

• 1300s rebellions all across China
• Resentment Humiliation
• Famine, floods, disease, corruption
• 1368 Yuan overthrown by the Ming
• 1330s Ilkhanate falls
• 1370s Chagatai Khan disintegrates
• Golden Horde continued to rule in Russia