Early Us Industry

1
Early Us Industry

• Chapter 5.2

2
(No Transcript)
3
Introduction

• A technological revolution in transportation and
  industry swept through the North. This revolution
  led to dramatic social and economic changes.
  Early industrialization also led to the growth of
  towns and cities
• In the summer of 1817 , the _____________________w
  as finished, connecting the Hudson River to
  Albany (363 miles)
• An example of the striking revolution that would
  occur in the US transportation

4
Roads and Turnpikes

• As early as 1806 Congress found the
  ___________________
• Started in Cumberland Maryland and reached
  Wheeling West Virginia
• Paralleled the route GW took during the French
  and Indian War
• Conestoga wagon teams pulled migrating families
  _________
• Livestock and wagonloads traveled
  ________________
• Was only national road of the time
• Madison believed the ____________________________
  did not support federal funds for national roads
• States, towns, and businesses took the initiative
• By 1821 4,000 miles of toll roads were built,
  mainly to connect Eastern Cities, very profitable
  for road owners

5
Steamboats and Canals

• ___________________and Livingstons steamboat
  chugged 150 miles from NYC to Albany in just 32
  hours
• Made river travel more reliable and people became
  used to a ___________________________
• By 1850, ____________________________ steamboats
  were on the nations waterways
• Also spurred ________________ growth, by 1850
  over 700 steamboats were on the nations waterways

6
The Iron Horse

• Railroad developed in the early 1800s
• Cooper built the first American locomotive the
  Tom Thumb in 1830 (1o miles/hr along 13 miles of
  track Baltimore to Ellicott City MD).
• __________________________ pollution, noisy, and
  dangerous
• __________________________________ Much faster
  and powerful than beasts of burden
• Created______________________________markets for
  goods
• Between 1830-1861 more than 30,000 miles of
  track laid
• Needed new rails built, steel industry needed
  coal to fire furnaces, hence the
  ____________________________ industry became very
  profitable and increased production.

7
A New System of Production

• The Industrial Revolution (Britain)
• Began in Britain in the __________________________
  _____
• Shift from hand tools to machines
• Artisans shifted to unskilled task workers
• Factories
• Sold products nationwide and overseas
• US Industrial Revolution
• Started in _______________________________
• Reasons for Birth of Industry
• _________________________________Industry one
  could raise money, encouraged competition, low
  taxes
• Easy ____________________________________laws,
  issuing stock without a charter
• Limited ___________________________
• Began in the Northeast investors invested in
  British industrial techniques

8
Industrial Revolution Cont

• Importing British Tech
• Not easy British law______________________sharin
  g tech with foreigners
• Slater built a British ___________________________
  __from memory
• Stretched cotton into thread
• Francis C. ______________________opened textile
  mills in MA in 1814
• Based on British Mills
• Built residences for workers who were
  ___________________and children
• Dozens of mills by 1840 in Northeast production
  of lumber, shoes, leather, wagons, and other
  products.

9
Technological Advances

• Eli Whitney
• ___________________ popularized interchangeable
  parts
• Utilized in gun manufacturing
• Morse ____________________in 1832 and developed
  Morse code for sending messages.
• By 1844 the first long-distance telegraph line
  connected Washington, D.C. and Baltimore
• Utilized for news ___________________was formed
  to transport news
• More than 50,000 wires connected the US by 1860

10
The Rise of Large Cities

• Thousands of people___________________from farms
  to villages for factory jobs with higher wages
• Many ___________________________ double or
  tripled
• By 1860 ___________________cities had reached
  100,000 people
• Printers and publishers greatly increased
• 75 percent of the total population was
  _______________
• 90 percent of white population could read

11
Workers Begin to Organize

• ______________________ million factory workers in
  1860
• When prices slumped wages dropped and workers
  were upset.
• Labor _________________________ were formed to
  address grievances
• By 1820 _____________________men and women
  belonged to unions
• Pushed for higher wages and a 10 hour workday
• Went on Strike
• The courts often ruled against labor unions and
  strikes
• President Van Buren _______________ the workday
  for federal employees to 10 hours
• In Commonwealth v. Hunt, MA Supreme Court ruled
  union strikes were ______________________

12
Life in the Northern Cities

• __________________________________________________
  _________________dept established
• Due to rising crime and labor riots
• __________________________________________________
  __________Dept established
• Mostly wood structures and crowded
• ______________________________________________Cond
  itions
• Animal waste, human waste (no sewer systems)
• Contaminated public water supply
• Cholera, Typhoid, and yellow fever were rampant
• __________________________________________________
  _________________________Structure
• Two Parents, many children, infant mortality rate
  was high
• Men worked outside the house and women also
  worked
• __________________________________________________
  ___________
• Higher education was not available to women until
  1830
• Public education did not exist until the 1850s
  in some cities
• Some would attend school until high school,
  wealthy could afford college, working class boys
  might join workforce directly
• __________________________________________________
  ____________________
• Runaway slaves were given freedom
• Many worked as doc workers and sailors
• Small middle class emerged in Philadelphia and
  NYC

13
Life on the Farm in the North

• ____________________________________was the
  nations leading activity
• Entire family shared work
• Fields plowed, animals cared for, items fixed,
  yarn weaved
• Until late in the 19th Century, farming employed
  _____________________________people and produced
  more wealth than any other industry
• ______________________________was sold in cities
• Eventually focused more on ____________________