The Education Library Layout

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The Education Library Layout
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ANZLIC Spatial Resource Discovery and Access
Toolkit
- Introducing Metadata -
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Introduction
ANZLIC, the Spatial Information Council, is the
peak intergovernmental organisation providing
leadership in the collection, management and use
of spatial information in Australia and New
Zealand.
The Office of Spatial Data Management (OSDM)
facilitates and coordinates spatial data
management across Australian Government agencies.
Images contained in this presentation are
licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC-ND. If you
use your own images, the license reverts to
Creative Commons BY.
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What is spatial?
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What is spatial information?
Spatial information describes the physical
location of objects and the metric relationships
between objects.
Initially, spatial information was accessed in
the form of a paper map
Now Web 2.0 allows mashups to create freely
available spatial information online.
Even aerial photography was easily available for
a price
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Everyday spatial use from

• A convergence of
• Off the shelf technology
• User knowledge and expectations
• Complex national drivers

• With recognition of
• The power of place
• an estimated 70-80 of all government
  transactions having a land or geographic
  component

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Everyday Spatial Use
DYNAMIC Demography Employment Valuations Public
transport schedules Pedestrians Floor
plans Hazard models etc.
LOCATIONAL Police Fire Ambulance SES Schools Hospi
tals Aged care Community Centres Icons Key
buildings Sports facilities CCTV
FUNDAMENTAL Cadastre Roads Imagery Topography Cens
us Admin. Bdys.
INFRASTRUCTURE Electricity Sub-stations Gas Water
Hydrants Sewerage Stormwater Telecoms
Conybeare 2001
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Community expectations
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Spatial expectations of the future
now.
Where is
Geoscience Australia?
You not only get where it is on a road map, but a
visual picture of what the building looks like
when you get there.
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Why this expectation?

• an estimated 70-80 of all government
  transactions having a land or geographic
  component.

Block Section
Rates, Power, Water
Credit Card billing to pay rates
Shopfront taking post code on enquiry
Education Records
Address
Employee Records
Medicare Number
Income Tax
Dental Records
ElectoralRoll
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Spatial effect on Community
Key areas of use at state and territory level
include the following

• urban planning
• service planning and delivery
• land management and planning
• crime prevention and response
• emergency management, for police, fire and
  ambulance services
• - ACIL Tasman report 2008

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- Case Studies
Community Expectations
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The Impact of Spatial Case Study I

• If we get it right
• Energex is an electricity distributor servicing
  about 2.7 million people in South East
  Queensland. It has
• 6.6 billion in assets
• covers 25,000 sq. km.
• 50,000 km of electricity lines and cables
• half a million power poles
• 43,000 transformers and 290,000 street lights.

When Energex upgraded their geospatial technology
in 2005 by linking their customer systems with
the existing GIS

• They found 500 million worth of assets
• Prior to the upgrade, Energex operated a call
  centre with 10 people involved in handling
  emergency calls. The same load is currently
  handled by only 1 person.

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The Impact of Spatial Case Study II

• Victorian Department of Justice
• Speed Camera locations and certification.
• 80 cut in requests to challenge
• the fine.

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The Impact of Spatial Case Study III
In the ACIL Tasman report, prepared for the CRC
for Spatial Information in March 2008, it was
found that

• Australian Government agencies spent around 85
  million on spatial data production and management
  in 2006-07.
• geospatial information has enhanced the way in
  which many Australian Government agencies plan
  and deliver services.
• 67 of agencies expected to reduce costs
  significantly due to improved business processes
  and 64 expected to reduce staff costs and other
  direct costs.

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The Impact of Spatial Case Study IV

• Western Australian Government study - 2004
• A Western Australian Government Taskforce found
  that substantial gains were likely from
  integrating land and geographic data held by
  State agencies. This integration would include
• steps to clarify data custodianship,
• the establishment of a land information
  directory,
• standard procedures for data collection, and
• improved marketing of data.
• The annual costs of integrating land information
  were estimated at 1.8 million and the potential
  annual benefits at 10.7 million resulting in a
  benefit/cost ratio of 5.9 1

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The Impact of Spatial Case Study V

• The Western Australian Land Information System
  (WALIS) is an alliance of diverse public and
  private sector organisations, as well as
  community groups. It
• oversees the management of spatial information
  across the state community, and
• it coordinates capture of fundamental spatial
  data through the State Land Information Capture
  Programme.

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The Impact of Spatial Case Study VI
Case study - asthma The Australian Institute of
Health and Welfares latest Burden of Disease and
Injury report shows that

• 4,045 years of life (YLL) were lost to asthma in
  2003 this is due to premature deaths
  attributed to the disease
• in addition to the 59,054 years of life with
  disability (YLD) attributable to asthma in 2003.

Even a conservative valuation of 150,000 per YLL
and 50,000 per YLD would put the total loss to
Australia due to asthma alone at 3.6 billion in
2003. More accurate spatial information enabling
a 10 reduction in these figures would therefore
be worth at least 370 million per year.
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Spatial Case studies from NZ Case Studies VII

• NZ Case I Geological and Nuclear Sciences
  Earthquake Risk Assessment Research (Courtesy
  of GNS)
• NZ Case 2 NZ Ministry of Agriculture and
  Forestry
• NZ Case 3 Ravensdown Precision Agriculture

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GNS Risk assessment research NZ Case Study
Use of their modelling can save 100s of
thousands in individual organisations insurance
premiums, for example, the Presbyterian Church
Ministry of Corrections properties.
area threatening one site
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GNS Risk assessment research
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NZ Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry NZ Case
Study

• New Zealands Incursion Response System
• To mitigate the effects of any fast-moving exotic
  organism incursion e.g. Avian flu,
  Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Foot-and-Mouth potential
  cost of 6 billion and 20,000 jobs loss in first
  year)
• Rapid response is the difference between a minor
  or major disaster
• Biosecurity is a critical area needing ready
  access to accurate geospatial information

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Ravensdown Precision Agriculture NZ Case Study

• NZ Primary Industries contribute 7.2 to GDP
  annually represent more than 50 of the
  countrys export earnings. Agriculture alone
  contributes NZ19 billion annually.
• Generally it is accepted that higher efficiency
  in the industry will translate to higher earnings
  BUT, there are future challenges and
  opportunities around
• Traceability
• Environmental impact
• Emissions Trading and Carbon Storage

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Creating Value through Spatial Intelligence and
Traceability

• Soil Sampling
• Soil Testing
• Nutrient Budgeting
• Fertiliser Planning
• Spreading Application
• Nutrient History Archiving
• Nutrient Reporting
• Ease of access to information

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Creating Value through Spatial Intelligence and
Traceability
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Creating Value through Spatial Intelligence and
Traceability
Data captured every 1 second Event Name,
Spread 70kght2 Operator,
Murray Smith Material,
Dap Crop, Grass Weather,
Drizzling Notes,
Night time Date,
16-Apr-2003 Time,
184001 Field latitude, 45 32'
35" S Field longitude, 167 54' 33"
E Field Area, 13.2899 Productive
Area, 13.2899 Area Units,
ha Perimeter,
1495.4456 Pattern,
Headlands Number of Headlands, 0001 Swath
Width, 28.0000 Application
Width, 28.0000 Average Offline,
0.0375 Standard Dev. Offline,
1.5165 Total Time,
0002220.94 Total Distance,
4945.6755 Application Area, 13.8479
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Creating Value through Spatial Intelligence and
Traceability
In the future 3D GIS modelling of the
properties tied into the management system.
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Defining the problem
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Spatial Impact on the Australian Economy
The ACIL Tasman study estimates inefficient
access to data reduces the direct productivity of
some sectors by between 5 and 15, and
highlights the reasons for this.
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Spatial Impact on the Australian Economy
Social, economic and environmental activities
where there has been direct impact include
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Spatial Impact on the Australian Economy
It is conservatively estimated that industry
revenue in 2006-07 could have been in the order
of 137 billion annually and industry gross value
added around 682 million.ACIL Tasman Report
This is from

• a gain in GDP
• increased household consumption
• increased investment
• imports and exports higher
• real wages were higher

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Why labelling the resource matters

• Users of spatial data also have questions about
  the data that they obtain from other sources.
• What is the accuracy of the data?
• Who created it?
• How large is this dataset?
• What is the geographic extent of the dataset?
• When was the data created?
• How often is the data updated?
• What restrictions are placed on its reuse?

Smith, J D
Smith, John D
John Smith
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Why labelling the resource matters

• Users of spatial data also have questions about
  the data that they obtain from other sources.
• What is the accuracy of the data?
• Who created it?
• How large is this dataset?

Smith, J D
Smith, John D
John Smith
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Why labelling the resource matters

• Users of spatial data also have questions about
  the data that they obtain from other sources.
• What is the accuracy of the data?
• Who created it?
• How large is this dataset?
• What is the geographic extent of the dataset?
• When was the data created?
• How often is the data updated?
• What restrictions are placed on its reuse?

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Using labels to locate resources

• If we start with an object

we will need to answer some questions about it
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Using labels to locate resources
Who created this?When?
Are there any other dependencies?
Is there a user guide?
Is it related to other objects located within
this (or any other) repository?
What intellectual property rights are vested in
the object?
Can I be sure that the object is what it claims
to be?
What format is it?
What software will I need to render it?
Who currently has custody of this?
Is this software currently available?
Who updated it?When?
Has the object been updated?
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Business benefits of using a standard label

• Valuing your data as a business asset
• Being able to locate the data

Only 20 of enterprise documentation may exist in
paper format.1
Information workers spend up to 30 of their
working day just looking for data they need to
complete a task - Butler Group Dec06
This is equivalent to 2.2hrs per day or 15,000
of a 50,000 annual salary (based on a 36.75hr
week)
In other words, for an organisation with 1,000
staff at this pay level, ? 15 million a year
is spent looking for company information out
of existing systems.
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Business benefits of using a standard label

• Valuing your data as a business asset
• Being able to locate the data
• Fitness for purpose

Across Australia, almost 50 of employees find
the greatest obstacle to how they make
decisions at work is the lack of accurate,
consistent and complete information.3
?
?
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Business benefits of using a standard label
90 of the documents that are created have no
useful metadata. As a result, as much as 10 of
a company's salary costs are wasted on
ineffective searches.1

• Valuing your data as a business asset
• Being able to locate the data
• Fitness for purpose
• Effective risk mitigation tool

Overcoming ineffective searches is certainly a
priority for law firms due to changing
regulatory and risk considerations.1
Poor information leads to poor decisions, wrong
information leads to wrong decisions.
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Locating the resources
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Finding the information
The unstructured search
20 -25 of queries per day have never been seen
before.
400 million unique downloads since 2005
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Finding the information
The Unstructured Search
The more structured Search
ANZLIC
ANZLIC metadata
ANZLIC metadata profile
ANZLIC metadata profile siteau
Results
3,510
53,100
43,400
1,600
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Finding the information
The unstructured search
ANZLIC
Results
53,100
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Finding the information
The more structured search
ANZLIC
ANZLIC metadata
ANZLIC metadata profile
ANZLIC metadata profile siteau
Results
1,600
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Finding the information
A growing portion of the Web cannot be indexed by
standard search engines. Databases create
"pages" dynamically on demand foran individual
user, and thus are not available for a search
engine's spider to scan.
This is often called the Deep Web
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Structured Searches
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The solution structured searches
How can I find a particular resource at my
workplace? e.g. the 1999 Annual General Report
for your division Using the search function in
your file management system, your success will
depend on how the file was initially labelled
before saving.
Annual General Report
Annual General Report 30Jun1999
OSDM Annual General Report 30Jun1999
Draft Annual General Report 30Jun1999
Final Report 1999
CSDC Annual Report 30-6-99
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The solution structured searches
How can I find a particular resource at my
workplace? e.g. the 1999 Annual General Report
for your division Using the search function in
your file management system, your success will
depend on how the file was initially labelled
before saving.
Annual General Report
Annual General Report 30Jun1999
Draft Annual General Report 30Jun1999
Final Report 1999
OSDM Annual General Report 30Jun1999
CSDC Annual Report 30-6-99
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The solution structured searches
So you need structured information that
describes, explains, locates or otherwise makes
it easier to retrieve, use or manage an
information resource.
This is Metadata. It is simply a file that sits
with each record and provides background
information about that record that is computer
readable.
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Discovery

• Metadata is the starting point for access as it
  provides the means for discovery of spatial
  information.
• e.g. the Australian Spatial Data Directory
• However
• metadata remains in many formats and
• many are currently not completely valid.

For example, a recent study of 5,141 metadata
records of NSW natural resource sectors confirmed
that the records were out of date and could not
be automatically upgraded to fit the ANZLIC 19115
profile.
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Discovery
If you create metadata, other people can discover
your data.
If you create metadata, you can find your own
data.
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Metadata
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Whats Metadata?

• A painting by Gauguin sold at two Auction houses
  at the same time. Sothebys had the real one
• How did they know?
• One painting had provenance (metadata).
• One didnt.

Lilac Bouquet 1885
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Whats Metadata?

• A painting by Gauguin sold at two Auction houses
  at the same time. Sothebys had the real one
• How did they know?
• One painting had provenance (metadata).
• One didnt.

Lilac Bouquet 1885
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Whats Metadata?

• Metadata is information about a resource that can
  be used to identify, assess and access that
  resource without actually having to touch that
  resource.

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Using labels to locate resources
Imagine walking down your supermarket shopping
aisle looking for a specific can of food but
there were no labels on the products.
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Whats in this Can?
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Standards
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Standards

• The International Organization for
  Standardization (ISO) is a world-wide federation
  of national standards bodies.
• It is responsible for promoting the development
  of standards to facilitate the international
  exchange of goods and services.

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Standards

• A popular geographic standard, ISO19115, contains
  almost 300 metadata elements, most of which are
  optional.
• The ANZLIC 19115 profile is made up of 24 of
  these elements.
• Another commonly used archival
• standard is Dublin Core and the
• Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) was
  derived from a hybrid of this and ISO19115.
• The AGLS and ANZLIC profile are regularly
  reviewed and an overview of common elements is
  available.

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Standards

• A standard establishes
• common terms
• common definitions
• common structure (whether an element is
  mandatory, conditional on another element, or
  optional)
• a method for extending the profile to address
  specialized or custom needs

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The value of standard labelling
When it goes wrong Two Teams, Two Measures
Equaled One Lost Spacecraft
A team of Lockheed Martin engineers sent NASA
key manoeuvring data for the 125 million Mars
Climate Orbiter in non-standard units, probably
since the craft was launched in 1998, according
to a NASA official trying to explain the loss of
the craft.
Miscalculations due to the use of English units
instead of metric units apparently sent the craft
slowly off course 60 miles in all leading it
on a suicide course through the Martian
atmosphere. House Science Committee Chairman F.
James Sensenbrenner, Jr., sounding stunned,
released a two-word statement after hearing the
news about the miscommunication "I'm
speechless."
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Profile
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191152003
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ISO 191152003Scope
...the schema required for describing geographic
information and services. ...information about
the identification, the extent, the quality, the
spatial and temporal schema, spatial reference,
and distribution of digital geographic
data. ...applicable to the cataloguing of
datasets, clearinghouse activities, and the full
description of datasets for a wide range of
geographic applications. applicable to
geographic datasets, dataset series, and
individual geographic features and
attributes ...may be used for other forms of
geographic data such as map, charts, textual
documents
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The ANZLIC ISO 19115 Profile has been created
from the ISO 19115 Standard.
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What are ANZLIC elements?

• ANZLIC 19115 elements provides the structure to
  describe resources.
• Whilst it was implemented for the use of the
  spatial community, it also provides appropriate
  information about all resources.

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What are elements?
Spatial Representation Type

• Mandatory
• Title
• Date
• Abstract
• Contact

Where?

• Optional
• Keywords
• Date of next update
• Maintenance
• Status
• Fitness of Use
• Classification
• Legal

When?
What?
Reference System
Who?
Spatial Resolution
Why?

• Conditional
• Language
• Character set
• Topic category
• Geographic location
• Lat/Longitude

Distribution Format
Online Resource
Lineage
Elements are the descriptors used to label the
resource
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ANZLIC elements
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What they look like
XML (machine search-able) code
People readable HTML
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What they look like
XML (machine search-able) code
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What they look like
People readable HTML
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ANZMet Lite
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How will you apply the label?
Circa 1920s Office scene courtesy of
www.officemuseum.com
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An example of a Metadata Entry Tool
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Metadata elements
Is it part of a bigger set?
What kind of data?
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FAQ - The ANZMet Lite

• How much does the MET cost?
• This tool is currently free for Government use.
• Can we have other elements added for our
  community of practice?
• This tool was chosen because of its adaptability
  but it will cost you the time of a programmer to
  add the components you require.

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