The%20Scientific%20Revolution

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The Scientific Revolution
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The Scientific Revolution

• How was science becoming more modern in the West?
• Do you find that a particular development stands
  out among the rest?

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The Scientific Revolution

• The Context
• Scientific Revolution (16th-18th centuries)
• Ancient and Medieval Mindset
• Dependent on Greco-Roman thinkers
• Science vs. pseudoscience?
• Europe still very religious, superstitious

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The Scientific Revolution
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The Scientific Revolution

• The Old Astronomy
• Ptolemaic Theory
• GEOCENTRIC universe
• Bible, human observation support this
• Celestial bodies contain ether

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The Scientific Revolution

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
• Polish cleric
• On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (1543)
• Proposed HELIOCENTRIC universe
• Remained hypothesis initially

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The Scientific Revolution

• Johann Kepler (1570-1630)
• Provided mathematical confirmation for
  Copernicuss theory
• Laws of Planetary Motion
• Planets follow elliptical orbits, not circular
• Distance and time of revolution in constant ratio

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The Scientific Revolution

• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
• Advocate of Copernican theory
• Discoveries with telescope
• Imperfections on moon
• Sunspots

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The Scientific Revolution
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The Scientific Revolution

• Galileo Outspoken Advocate of Copernican Theory
• Asked to treat theory as hypothesis, not fact
  but did not!
• Tried by Inquisition (1633) ? recanted
• Died within Catholic Church (1642)

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The Scientific Revolution
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The Scientific Revolution

• Questions?

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The Scientific Revolution

• Further Advances
• Physics Law of Gravity
• Chemistry use chemicals to treat disease

Bloodletting
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The Scientific Revolution

• Discoveries in Biology
• Human anatomy
• Blood circulation
• Bacteria discovered with microscope

Vesalius and students
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The Scientific Revolution

• The Scientific Method
• Empirical observation
• Experimentation
• Data

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The Scientific Revolution

• Scientific Discoveries ? Revolution in Thought
• Old paradigms swept away
• Faith in human reason ? optimism
• Skepticism beginning to brew ? need for evidence

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The Scientific Revolution

• John Locke (1632-1704)
• English political theorist
• People possess natural rights life, liberty,
  property
• Function of government
• Protect everyones rights
• Mutual contract between ruler and ruled
• Break in contract ? ruled have right to
  reconsider ruler, even rebel!

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The Scientific Revolution

• Questions?

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The Scientific Revolution

• How was science becoming more modern in the West?
• Do you find that a particular development stands
  out among the rest?