Plot

1
Plot

• The arrangement of events/ideas that make up a
  story.

2
Character

• Static A character who remains the same.

• Dynamic A character who changes in some
  important way.

3
Protagonist

• Major Character at center of the story.

4
Antagonist

• A Character or Force that opposes the Protagonist.

5
Conflict

• The Struggle between opposing forces
• Character vs. Character
• Character vs. God/Nature
• Character vs. Society
• Character vs. SELF

6
Indirect Characterization

• Clues given by the author that hint at what the
  character is like
• Appearance
• Actions
• Reactions of Others
• Dialogue
• Attitude/Thoughts

7
Symbolism

• The use of any object, person, place, or action
  that not only has a meaning in itself, but also
  stands for something larger than itself.

8
Theme

• The central message of a literary work. 
• It is not the same as a subject (big
  idea/thematic concept) which can be expressed in
  a word or two courage, survival, war, pride,
  etc.  The theme is the idea the author wishes to
  convey about that subject. 
• It is expressed as a sentence or general
  statement about life or human nature. 

• A literary work can have more than one theme, and
  most themes are not directly stated but are
  implied. 
• The reader must think about all the elements of
  the work and use them to make inferences, or
  reasonable guesses, as to which themes seem to be
  implied. 

9
Allusion

• a reference to something famous in mythology,
  literature, history, or popular culture that acts
  as a shorthand e.g., He met his Waterloo.

10
Metaphor/Simile

• A comparison of two unlike things in order to
  make something easier to understand.
• Ex. Metaphor Time is money.
• Ex. Simile Time is like money.

11
Irony

• Verbal irony (Sarcasm) occurs when a speaker or
  narrator says one thing while meaning the
  opposite.  EX It is easy to stop killing
  people.  Ive done it many times. 
• Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows
  something the character does not the character
  says or does something that has different
  meanings from what he or she thinks it means.
  Ex Oedipus Rex/ Horror Films

Situational irony occurs when the opposite of
what you might expect happens and it is darkly
humorous. EX A deep sea diver drowning in a
bathtub.  
12
Satire

• Attacking a problem with Humor.
• Ha Ha HaOooooh...

13
Point of View

• 1st person I
• 3rd person objective He/She/It Security Camera
• 3rd person omniscient He/She/It Gods-Eye View
• 3rd person limited omniscient He/She/It Over the
  Shoulder (All of 1 Character)

14
Hyperbole/Understatement

• Hyperbole Exaggeration of the truth for emphasis
• Understatement Saying less than the truth for
  emphasis/humor.

15
Mood

• The predominating atmosphere or tone of a
  literary work created by the authors Word
  Choice, Description, Setting, and
  Characterization.
• Most pieces of literature have a prevailing mood,
  but shifts in this prevailing mood may function
  as a counterpoint, provide comic relief, or echo
  the changing events in the plot.

16
Tone

• The writers or speakers attitude towards a
  subject, character, or audience conveyed through
  the authors choice of words and details. 
• Tone can be serious, humorous, sarcastic,
  indignant, objective, etc.

17
Foreshadowing/ Flashback

• Foreshadowing the use of hints or clues in a
  narrative to suggest a future action.

• Flashback a scene that interrupts the action of
  a work to show a previous event.