SILC-NET Presents

1
SILC-NET PresentsA National Teleconference
Webinar

• Disability Statistics Part 2
• Using Statistics about People with Disabilities
  to Inform the SPIL
• August 23, 2012
• 300 PM 430 PM EDT
• Presenters
• Andrew Houtenville, Eric Lauer, and Tony Ruiz
• University of New Hampshire

0
2
SILC-NET PresentsA National Teleconference
Webinar

• Disability Statistics Part 2
• Using Statistics about People with Disabilities
  to Inform the SPIL
• August 23, 2012
• 300 PM 430 PM EDT
• Presenters
• Andrew Houtenville, Eric Lauer, and Tony Ruiz
• University of New Hampshire

1
3
SECTION 6Overview of Major Disability Data
Sources
4
Overview of Major Disability Data Sources

• Current Population Survey (CPS)
• American Community Survey (ACS)
• Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

5
Current Population Survey (CPS)

• Conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the
  Bureau of Labor Statistics
• A survey of (currently) approximately 100,000
  households
• Basic Monthly Survey (BMS) primary source of
  employment and labor force statistics in the
  United States
• March CPS (a.k.a., Annual Social and Economic
  Supplement (ASEC), March Supplement, Income
  Supplement) collects income and demographic
  information as well as disability data
• March CPS is the primary source of poverty and
  health insurance information
• CPS data are used extensively by government
  agencies, researchers, policy makers, and
  journalists to evaluate employment, government
  programs, and the economic well-being of the
  population in the U.S.

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CPS Strengths and Limitations

• Strengths
• Provides annual national and state level
  statistics
• Long Time Trends (effectively since 1968 work
  limitation question collected since 1981)
• A large set of variables (very detailed income
  information)
• New six question sequence added in 2008.
• Limitations
• No specific health conditions
• Does not address population living in
  institutions
• Does not directly address external factors
  related to disablement

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Work Limitation Question

• Does anyone in this household have a health
  problem or disability which prevents them from
  working or which limits the kind or amount of
  work they can do? If yes, who is that? (Anyone
  else?)
• Purpose is to identify people receiving
  disability-related income.
• Work limitation was in part the basis for many
  government disability programs (SSDI, DI, Workers
  Compensation).

8
Prevalence of Work Limitation (percentage) (CPS
1981-2011, ages 16-64)
9
Employment Rate for People with Work
Limitation(CPS 1981-2011, ages 16-64)
10
Additional Questions since September 2008 (Same
as ACS)

• Hearing Difficulty Is this person deaf or does
  he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (all
  ages)
• Vision Difficulty Is this person blind or does
  he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when
  wearing glasses? (all ages)
• Cognitive Difficulty Because of a physical,
  mental, or emotional condition, does this person
  have serious difficulty concentrating,
  remembering, or making decisions? (ages 5 or
  older)

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Additional Questions since September 2008 (Same
as ACS), contd.

• Ambulatory Difficulty Does this person have
  serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?
  (ages 5 or older)
• Self-Care Difficulty Does this person have
  difficulty dressing or bathing? (ages 5 or older)
• Independent Living Difficulty Because of a
  physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
  this person have difficulty doing errands alone
  such as visiting a doctors office or shopping?
  (ages 15 or older)

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Other Topics of Interest

• Individual, Family, and Household level data
• Extensive Information on Health Insurance
• Employment
• Industry (at the three digit levels)
• Occupation (at the three digit levels)

• Annual Wages/Salary
• Hours Worked per Week, Weeks Worked per Year
• Educational Attainment
• Income from multiple sources
• Government Program Participation
• Poverty Status

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Accessing Data and Statistics

• Raw Data Public Use Files
• http//cps.ipums.org/cps/
• Summary Tables Census Bureaus Disability Data
  web site
• http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps
  .html
• Other Summary Statistics UNH Web Site
• http//www.disabilitycompendium.org/
• Hire consultants

14
Further Information

• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the Current
  Population Survey
• By Richard V. Burkhauser and Andrew J.
  Houtenville
• Census Bureaus Disability Data Web Site
• http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabili
  ty.html

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Questions Answers
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American Community Survey

• Purpose To provide national and local level data
  on demographic, social, economic and housing
  characteristics
• Replacement for Decennial Census Long Form
• Annual Survey (2000) but change disability
  definitions in 2004 and 2008.
• Pooling together 3 years of data and 5 years of
  data to get local small area estimates.
• Contains a sample of people living in
  institutions.

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ACS Questions 2008 and Onward

• Hearing Difficulty Is this person deaf or does
  he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (all
  ages)
• Vision Difficulty Is this person blind or does
  he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when
  wearing glasses? (all ages)
• Cognitive Difficulty Because of a physical,
  mental, or emotional condition, does this person
  have serious difficulty concentrating,
  remembering, or making decisions? (ages 5 or
  older)
• Ambulatory Difficulty Does this person have
  serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?
  (ages 5 or older)
• Self-Care Difficulty Does this person have
  difficulty dressing or bathing? (ages 5 or older)
• Independent Living Difficulty Because of a
  physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
  this person have difficulty doing errands alone
  such as visiting a doctors office or shopping?
  (ages 15 or older)

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ACS Strengths and Limitations

• Strengths
• Annual data used widely in public policy
  discussions.
• Includes persons living in institutions.
• Provides annual at local level statistics
• Trend data collected in a consistent manner over
  time (change in 2004 and 2008)
• Limitations
• No work limitation question to identify
  potential VR and SSDI/SSI participants.
• No specific health conditions.
• Does not directly address external factors
  related to disablement
• Response error issue (2000-2002) for
  Go-Outside-Home Disability and Employment
  Disability

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Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability (ACS
2011, ages 18-64)
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Example of Local Statistics
2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on 5-Year Pooled ACS 2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on 5-Year Pooled ACS 2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on 5-Year Pooled ACS 2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on 5-Year Pooled ACS
Location Total Hispanic Pct.
United States 228,808,831 31270,834 13.7
New York 14,819,772 2332,365 15.7
Tompkins County, New York 83,739 3,209 3.8
Ithaca city, New York 27,219 1,920 7.1
Census Tract 7, Tompkins County 3,517 N/A N/A
Syracuse city, New York MSA 503,357 12,810 2.5
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Other Topics of Interest

• Individual and Household level data
• Employment
• Industry (291 industries)
• Occupation (565 occupations)
• Earnings
• Hours Worked per Week, Weeks Worked per Year

• Educational Attainment
• Housing
• Transportation
• Income
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments
• Poverty Status

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Accessing Data and Statistics

• Raw Data Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
  Files
• http//www.factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pa
  ges/index.xhtml (ACS)
• Summary Tables American FactFinder
• ACS (and Decennial Census)
• http//factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/
  index.xhtml
• Census Bureaus Disability Data web site
• http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps
  .html
• Other Summary Statistics Web Site,
  http//www.disabilitycompendium.org
• Annual Disability Statistics Compendium
• Currently Based on 2009-2011 ACS data (state
  national level)

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U.S. Census Bureaus American Factfinder

• Go to U. S. Census Bureau American Factfinder 2
  website
• http//factfinder2.census.gov/

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U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder
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American Fact Finder Search
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American Fact Finder Results
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Further Information

• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the
  American Community Survey
• By Robert R. Weathers II
• http//digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/1
  23
• Census Bureaus Disability Data Web Site
• http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabili
  ty.html

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Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

• Conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.
• Collects information on the income and program
  participation of a nationally representative
  sample of households and individuals in U.S.
• Sample usually consists of about 36,000
  households, usually fielded every 3-4 years.
• Each new fielding of SIPP is called a panel, -
  each panel includes several re-interviews of the
  sample conducted every four months, usually over
  a 36-month period.
• Re-interviews allow researchers to track changes
  over time (i.e., longitudinal analysis).

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Survey of Income and Program Participation
(SIPP), contd.

• Disability measures.
• Each interview asks questions regarding presence
  of a work limitation.
• Disability questions in special topical module
  included in certain interviews. Include specific
  health conditions, impairments, functional
  limitation status ADLs/IADLs.
• Other topics include chronic health history,
  employment, poverty, medical history/expenditures,
  federal program participation, use of assistive
  devices.

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SIPP Strengths

• Source of the 54 million number
• Wide variety of disability and health related
  data.
• Re-interviews allow researchers track changes
  over time (i.e., longitudinal).
• Linked files to Social Security Administrative
  records.

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SIPP Limitations

• Relatively small sample sizes-cannot support
  state level estimates.
• Some measurement issues with the disability
  questions (Maag and Wittenburg, 2003).
• Sample attrition across re-interviews. Some
  sample members drop out of survey. Sample
  weights do account for attrition to some extent.
• Over the course of SIPP panels, there have been
  some changes to the structure and placement of
  disability questions. May be difficult to
  construct consistent measures across panels.

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SIPP Disability Questions Sensory

• Do you have any difficulties seeing the words and
  letters in ordinary newspaper print even when
  wearing glasses or contact lenses if you usually
  wear them? Note, includes blindness
• Are you able to see the words and letters in
  ordinary newspaper print at all?
• Do you have difficulty hearing what is said in a
  normal conversation with another person even when
  wearing your hearing aid?
• Are you able to hear what is said in a normal
  conversation at all?
• Do you have any difficulty having your speech
  understood?
• In general, are people able to understand your
  speech at all?

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SIPP Disability Questions Physical Impairment

• Do you have any difficulty lifting and carrying
  something as heavy as 10 pounds- such s a bag of
  groceries?
• Are you able to lift and carry a 10 pound bag of
  groceries at all?
• Do you have any difficulty pushing or pulling
  large objects such as a living room chair?
• Are you able to push or pull such large objects
  at all?
• Do you have any difficulty...
• a. Standing or being on your feet for one hour?
• b. Sitting for one hour?
• c. Stooping, crouching, or kneeling?
• d. Reaching over your head?

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SIPP Disability Question Physical Impairment,
contd.

• Do you have difficulty using your hands and
  fingers to do things such as picking up a glass
  or grasping a pencil?
• Are you able to use your hands and fingers to
  grasp and handle at all?
• Do you have any difficulty walking up a flight of
  10 stairs?
• Are you able to walk up a flight of 10 stairs at
  all?
• Do you have any difficulty walking a quarter of a
  mile - about 3 city blocks?
• Are you able to walk a quarter of a mile at all?
• Do you have any difficulty using an ordinary
  telephone?
• Are you able to use an ordinary telephone at all?

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SIPP Disability Mental Impairment

• Do you have
• A learning disability such as dyslexia?
• Mental retardation?
• A developmental disability such as autism or
  cerebral palsy?
• Alzheimer's disease or any other serious problem
  with confusion or forgetfulness?
• Any other mental or emotional condition?
• Note This is for the working-age population. The
  SIPP includes additional questions for children.

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SIPP Disability Activities of Daily Living

• Because of a physical or mental health condition,
  do you have difficulty doing any of the following
  by yourself?
• a. Getting around INSIDE the home?
• b. Getting in and out of bed or a chair?
• c. Taking a bath or shower?
• d. Dressing?
• g. Eating?
• f. Using or getting to the toilet?

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SIPP Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

• Because of a physical or mental health condition,
  do you have difficulty doing any of the following
  by yourself?
• Going OUTSIDE the home, for example, to shop or
  visit a doctor's office?
• Keeping track of money or bills?
• Doing light housework such as washing dishes or
  sweeping a floor?
• Taking the right amount of prescribed medicine at
  the right time?

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SIPP Disability Work Limitation

• Do you have a physical, mental or health
  condition that limits the kind and amount of work
  you can do?

39
Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability (SIPP
2002, ages 25-61)
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Further Information

• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the Survey
  of Income and Program Participation
• By David C. Wittenburg and Sandi Nelson.
• Forthcoming http//digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu
  /edicollect/
• Real trends or measurement problems Disability
  and employment trends from the Survey of Income
  and Program Participation.
• By Elaine Maag and David C. Wittenburg.
• http//digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/1
  50
• U.S Census Bureau Web Site
• http//www.bls.census.gov/sipp/

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Questions Answers
42
SECTION 7Using Disability Statistics Which
definition and source?
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Using Disability Statistics Which dataset and
what definition

• Key questions to ask when choosing a data set.
• Examples of accessing the data.

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Dataset Comparison Key questions to ask

• Geographic level
• National, regional, state, county, metropolitan
  area, etc.
• Years data collected
• Specific year, most recent year
• Disability Concept/Measure
• Sensory, physical, mental disability
• Population coverage
• Civilian non-institutionalized, institutionalized
• Selected Areas of interest
• Employment, poverty, income, occupation,
  ethnicity, housing, etc.
• Ease of Accessibility and Use

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SECTION 8Exercises/Case Studies
46
Identifying and Using Disability Statistics

• Give examples how the use of statistics may
  assist or help you with your work?
• Please specify
• The problem or question you have identified
• The information you need
• Where and how you would search for information
• How you would use the information

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Differences Exercise 1 Prevalence Rate
Question Three estimates of the prevalence
of disability are presented in the table below.
List possible reasons for the differences between
the three estimates.
Prevalence of Disability among Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 25-61 Prevalence of Disability among Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 25-61
Data Source Prevalence Rate
2003 American Community Survey (ACS) 11.9
2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 16.7
2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 18.7
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Differences Exercise 1 Prevalence Rate

• Possible Answers
• The surveys use very different definitions of
  disability. The SIPP prevalence rate is the
  largest, and its definition includes many
  questions related to potentially short-term
  conditions. The prevalence rate is positively
  related to the number of survey questions used.
  The ACS uses six questions the NHIS uses 21
  questions and the SIPP uses 27 questions.
• The context in which the questions are asked.
  The ACS is a general survey. The NHIS is a
  health survey. The SIPP is a program-related
  survey. We may expect high prevalence rates in
  health surveys and perhaps program-related
  surveys.
• The surveys are conducted in different years and
  during different months of the year. (But not
  likely to cause a dramatic difference.)

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Differences Exercise 2 Employment Rate
Question Three estimates of the employment
rate of people with disability are presented in
the table below. List possible reasons for the
differences between the three estimates.
Employment Rate of Non-institutionalized Civilians with Disabilities Ages 25-61 Employment Rate of Non-institutionalized Civilians with Disabilities Ages 25-61
Data Source Employment Rate
2003 American Community Survey (ACS) 49.9
2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 58.6
2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 53.5
50
Differences Exercise 2 Employment Rate

• Possible Answers
• The surveys use very different definitions of
  disability.
• They also use different questions to collect
  information on employment. Thus, the definitions
  of employment differ.
• The surveys are conducted in different years and
  during different months of the year, which can
  affect employment estimates (for example seasonal
  differences.)

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Differences Exercise 3 State Comparisons

• Question
• State-level estimates of the disability
  prevalence rate are presented in the table on the
  next slide. What do states with high prevalence
  rates have in common? What do states with low
  prevalence rates have in common? What patterns
  can you identify and explain? List possible
  reasons for the differences and similarities.

52
2011 Prevalence of Disability among
Non-institutionalized Civilians, by State ()

State Rate State Rate State Rate
AL 16.2 KS 12.2 ND 10.4
AK 10.9 KY 16.8 OH 13.3
AZ 11.2 LA 15.1 OK 15.7
AR 16.3 ME 15.1 OR 13.8
CA 9.9 MD 10.2 PA 13.1
CO 10.1 MA 10.8 RI 13.5
CT 10.4 MI 13.6 SC 13.9
DE 12.3 MN 10.0 SD 11.3
DC 11.1 MS 16.3 TN 15.1
FL 12.8 MO 13.8 TX 11.6
GA 11.7 MT 12.8 UT 8.5
HI 10.7 NE 11.4 VT 13.2
ID 12.6 NV 10.6 VA 10.8
IL 10.2 NH 11.2 WA 11.9
IN 12.5 NJ 9.7 WV 18.9
IA 11.2 NM 13.3 WI 10.8
NY 10.6 NC 13.2 WY 11.8
Source Cornell University tabulations using the
2004 ACS.
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Differences Exercise 3 State Comparisons

• Possible Answers
• Higher prevalence rates are seen in the
  Appalachian states and the lower Mississippi
  Valley.
• The patterns across states are consistent with
  what is known as the Disability Belt, which is
  also reflected in other surveys and in enrollment
  numbers in the Social Security disability
  programs.
• West Virginia figures may be due to Black Lung
  Disease.
• High prevalence numbers may be associated with
  labor-intensive industries, like agriculture and
  mining.
• Perhaps, there are cultural differences in the
  reporting of a disability.

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Name-that-Data Source County Level
Question Which data source was used to
create the table below? And what is the question
used to define ambulatory difficulty?
2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey
County Number County Number County Number
Atlantic 9,556 Gloucester 9,257 Ocean 15.683
Bergen 13,185 Hudson 16,551 Passaic 13,221
Burlington 11,567 Hunterdon 1,954 Salem 2,224
Camden 18.477 Mercer 9,715 Somerset 4,711
Cape May 2,450 Middlesex 15.357 Sussex 3,396
Cumberland 6,004 Monmouth 11,255 Union 9,880
Essex 20,115 Morris 6,649 Warren 2,234
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Name-that-Data Source County Level

• Answers
• American Community Survey 3-year pooled estimates
• "Does this person have serious difficulty walking
  or climbing stairs?

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Name-that-Data Source Over Time
Question Which data source was used to
create the figure below? And what is the
question used to define work limitation?
Prevalence of Work Limitations among
Non-Institutionalized Civilians, Ages 21-64
57
Name-that-Data Source Over Time

• Answers
• These statistics are from the Current Population
  Survey Annual Demographic Supplement (CPS). In
  the future the ACS time series will become long
  enough to become more relevant, although it will
  never be able to look at patterns in the 1980s
  and 1990s. The National Health Interview Survey
  (NHIS) also has a work limitation question, but
  it has a severe seam between 1996 and 1997 when
  the entire survey was revised.
• "A work limitation is determined by the following
  question "does anyone in this household have a
  health problem or disability which prevents them
  from working or which limits the kind or amount
  of work they can do? If so, who is that?
  (Anyone else?)."

58
Name-that-Data Source County Level and
Condition Specific
Question Which data source was used to
create the table below? What are some caveats
about such statistics?
Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey
County Number County Number County Number
Atlantic 3,536 Gloucester 3,232 Ocean 6,286
Bergen 4,569 Hudson 6,027 Passaic 4,790
Burlington 4,070 Hunterdon 622 Salem 1,132
Camden 7,075 Mercer 3,761 Somerset 1,297
Cape May 1,337 Middlesex 5,854 Sussex 1,275
Cumberland 2,471 Monmouth 4,893 Union 4,214
Essex 7,959 Morris 2,046 Warren 917
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Name-that-Data Source County Level

• Answers
• These statistics are from a web site, which is
  part of the Ticket to Work program
  (https//yourtickettowork.com/web/ttw/en-beneficia
  ry-distribution).
• An important caveat is that people with
  musculoskeletal injuries that are not in these
  programs are not included. This data is only for
  those who are in the SSDI and/or SSI programs and
  are eligible for the Ticket.
• You can actually get zip code level statistics
  for 19 diagnostic categories. However, there are
  no additional breakdowns available, such as
  breakdowns by age, race, and gender.

60
SECTION 9Latest Developments and Other Resources
61
Coming Improvements

• Uniform minimum set of disability question
  Following a component of ACA, Secretary Sebelius
  recently mandated the six ACS questions to be the
  included in all surveys
• ACS 5-Year Pooled Sample Once the 2013 ACS data
  is available the Census Bureau will pool
  2008-2013 to get a big sample to estimate even
  smaller areas.
• CPS Disability Supplement Already fielded, data
  should be out soon. It looks specifically at
  disability and employment barriers and
  facilitators.

62
Additional Resources

• www.ResearchOnDisability.org Our main web site
• www.DATA.gov a wealth data from agencies.
• www.ICDR.gov Subcommittee on Disability
  Statistics (with a monthly conference call.
• Good Example of Using Statistics From the
  Center on Independence of the Disabled, New York
  (NYCs ILC) www.cidny.org/resources/News/Reports/D
  isability20Matters.pdf
• Another Good Example of Using Statistics
  Chicago Community Trust report that sets goals
  for key outcomes www.cct.org/sites/cct.org/files/C
  CT_QuestForEqualityWhitePaper_1110.pdf

63
SECTION 10Summary and Conclusions
64
Summary Learning Objectives

• Definitions of Disability
• Conceptual
• Survey Measurement
• Introduction to Major National Surveys
• How to Use Survey Data

65
Questions Answers
66
Contact

• DisabilityStatistics_at_unh.edu
• Andrew.Houtenville_at_unh.edu
• Eric.Lauer_at_unh.edu
• Tony.Ruiz_at_unh.edu
• www.ResearchOnDisability.org/

67
Wrap Up and Evaluation

• Click the link below now to complete an
  evaluation of todays program found at
• https//vovici.com/wsb.dll/s/12291g507d1

68
StatsRRTC Attribution

• Funding for the content of this
  Webinar/teleconference and the participation of
  Drs. Houtenville and Ruiz and Mr. Lauer was
  provided by the Hunter College Rehabilitation,
  Research and Training Center on Disability
  Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC), which is
  funded by the U.S. Department of Education,
  National Institute for Disability and
  Rehabilitation Research, under cooperative
  agreements H133B080012.
• The contents do not necessarily represent the
  policy of the Department of Education, and you
  should not assume endorsement by the Federal
  Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)).

69
SILC-NET Attribution

• Support for development of this
  Webinar/teleconference was provided by the U.S.
  Department of Education, Rehabilitation Services
  Administration under grant number H132B070003. No
  official endorsement of the Department of
  Education should be inferred. Permission is
  granted for duplication of any portion of this
  PowerPoint presentation, providing that the
  following credit is given to the project and the
  StatsRRTC Developed as part of the SILC-NET, a
  project of the IL-NET, an ILRU/NCIL/APRIL
  National Training and Technical Assistance
  Program and as part of the Rehabilitation
  Research and Training Center on Disability
  Demographics and Statistics.