Chapter 43 Mammals

1
Chapter 43Mammals

• Section 3
• Diversity of Mammals

2
Mammalian Orders

• Mammals are classified into a single order of
  monotremes, 7 orders of marsupials, about 18
  orders of placental mammals

3
Monotremes

• Order Monotremata
• Egg-laying mammals
• Duckbill platypus- Australia- water resistent
  fur, webbed feet flattened tail
• Spiny anteater- Australia- feed on ants
  insects- sticky tongue

4
(No Transcript)
5
Marsupials

• Order Marsupialia
• Majority live in Australia, and some live in New
  Guinea
• Virginia opossum- only marsupial in USA
• Have pouch to raise young in

6
(No Transcript)
7
Placental Mammals

• Nearly 95 of all mammalian species are placental
  mammals

8
Order Xenarthra

• Anteaters, armadillos, sloths
• Location N. America, C. America, S. America
• Xenarthra- strange joints
• Feed on insects or plants

9
(No Transcript)
10
Order Lagomorpha

• Rabbits, hares, pikas
• Double row of upper incisors, with two large
  front teeth backed by two smaller ones
• Teeth grow throughout lifetime adapted to
  herbivorous diet

11
(No Transcript)
12
Order Rodentia

• Rodents squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers,
  muskrats, porcupines, mice, rats
• Rodents teeth consist of a few molars or
  premolars and two pairs of incisors that grow all
  of the rodents life

13
(No Transcript)
14
Order Primates

• Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, gibbons, apes,
  humans
• Omnivores large brains
• Forward-facing eyes for depth perception
• Grasping hands, feet, and tails

15
(No Transcript)
16
Order Chiroptera

• Mammals that truly fly- bats
• Wing- modified front limb with a membrane of skin
  that stretches between digits
• Use thumbs for walking, climbing, grasping
• Small eyes large ears for echolocation- active
  at night

17
(No Transcript)
18
Order Insectivora

• Shrews, hedgehogs, moles
• N. America, Africa, Europe
• Most have long, pointed noses that help them
  probe the soil for insects
• Have sharp teeth to grasp pierce prey

19
(No Transcript)
20
Order Carnivora

• Animals that eat meat- carnivores
• Dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, hyenas, otters,
  seals, sea lions
• Strong sense of smell and sight
• Strong jaws, large teeth, clawed toes
• Aquatic carnivores- pinnipeds- sea lions, seals,
  walruses

21
(No Transcript)
22
Order Artiodactyla

• Hoofed animals- ungulates
• Ungulates with even number of toes- artiodactyls-
  deer, cattle, giraffes, pigs, and camels
• Herbivores- most have rumen
• Molars are flat and large for grinding plants

23
(No Transcript)
24
Order Perissodactyla

• Ungulates with an odd number of toes-
  perissodactyls
• Horses, zebras, rhinoceros, tapirs
• Location Africa Asia
• Have a cecum

25
(No Transcript)
26
Order Cetacea

• Whales, dolphins, porpoises
• Lack hind-limbs, have tails
• Totally aquatic, but evolved from land
• Breathe through modified nostrils- blowhole
• Use echolocation to locate prey, navigate,
  communicate
• Toothed whales- dolphins, orcas, sperm whale

27
(No Transcript)
28
Order Sirenia

• Manatees and dugongs
• Herbivores
• Location tropical seas, estuaries, and rivers
• Closely related to elephants- evolutionary
  speaking

29
(No Transcript)
30
Order Proboscidea

• Asian and African Elephant
• Largest living land mammal
• African elephant- 13,200 lbs
• Feed on plants for 18 hours each day
• Nose is modified into trunk for grasping
  proboscis

31
(No Transcript)
32
Other Orders

• The 12 orders just described include most of the
  familiar placental mammals.
• The 6 remaining orders contain just 1 of the
  mammalian species.

33
REVIEW!!!

• Which continent is a natural home of both
  monotremes and marsupials?
• Compare manatees to toothed whales.