Families of Elements

1
Chapter 4

• Section 3
• Families of Elements
• p. 120

2
Objectives

• Analyze the properties of the different families
  of elements
• Electron Configuration

3
(No Transcript)
4
I. How are elements classified?
Classified by properties into groups called
Families
A. Metals 1. Largest family of the periodic
table 2. Usually shiny 3. Conduct heat and
electricity well
B. Non-metals 1. On the right side of the
periodic table except Hydrogen 2.
Conduct heat and electricity poorly 3. Most are
gases at room temperature C. Metalloids
(Semiconductors)
5
II. Metals A. Group 1 (IA) Alkali metals
(very reactive) 1. One valence electron bond
very easily 2. Not found in nature just as
elements by themselves (very soft) 3.
Reacts violently with water must be
stored in oil
B. Group 2 (IIA) Alkaline-earth metals 1.
Two valence electrons still bond easily 2.
Calcium- makes shells of sea animals (ex-
coral reefs) eventually limestone 3.
Magnesium- lightest structural metal
6
C. Groups 3-12 (IIIB-IIB) Transition Metals 1.
Much less reactive 2. Conducts electricity and
heat well due to type of bonding 3.
Can form many different ions 4. Technetium and
promethium- synthetic elements 5.
Some are radioactive- nucleus is
decaying to form different elements
7
III. Nonmetals (Groups 17-18 and some 13-16)
except hydrogen A. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen-
most plentiful elements on Earth B.
Halogens (Group 17)- very reactive,
protect from bacteria, can be poisonous C. Noble
gases (Group 18) 1. Are inert
non-reactive 2. Exist as single atoms not
molecules 3. Because s and p orbitals are
full they do not create ions
8
IV. Semiconductors (Metalloids) A. On the stair
step boron, silicon, germanium,
arsenic, antimony, tellurium B. Have some
properties of metals- conduct under
certain conditions C. Silicon is the most
familiar 28 of earths crust,
computer chips are made from it
9
Class Work

• In groups of 3, students are to create a periodic
  table of students in the class. Grouped according
  to characteristics, each student will have one
  box. Your groupings must be unique to the class.
  Students must interview the other students to get
  the table completed.
• Use the colored pencils to color code your
  periodic tables by family

10
Homework

• Class Periodic Table