Human Geography

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Human Geography

• Preview
• Section 1 Population Geography
• Section 2 Cultural Geography
• Section 3 World Languages and Religions
• Chapter Wrap-Up

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Section 1 Population Geography

• Read to Discover
• How do geographers study population?
• What are some important trends in world
  population?

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Section 1 Population Geography
Studying Population

• To study relationships between populations and
  environments, geographers use statistics
• Maps Population pyramids
• Graphs Spatial perspective
• Key statistics
• Population density Population change
• Population distribution Natural increase

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Section 1 Population Geography
World Population Trends

• World population is increasing rapidly.
• Economic development results in lower population
  growth rates.
• Many less-developed nations are gradually
  reducing population growth.
• Population projections vary, but future
  population-related challenges are inevitable.

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Section 1 Population Geography
Question What technological improvements have
led to the worlds population growth?
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Section 1 Population Geography
Reasons for Population Increases
Medical advances lead to better health care,
which allows people to live longer.
Agricultural advances lead to increased food
production, which allows more people to live in
an area.
Sanitation advances lead to cleaner living
conditions, which help people stay healthy.
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Section 2 Cultural Geography

• Read to Discover
• How do geographers study culture?
• How do cultures change over time?

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Section 2 Cultural Geography
Studying Culture

• Culture TraitsActivities and behaviors common to
  groups of people, such as reading, doing math,
  and methods of eating many culture traits are
  linked
• Culture RegionsAreas in which people share
  culture traits

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Section 2 Cultural Geography
Question How would you describe the following
traits of your own culture?
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Section 2 Cultural Geography
Government
Culture Traits
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Section 2 Cultural Geography
How Cultures Change

• Cultures change over time through general
  processes such as communication, migration, war,
  and trade.
• Key concepts
• InnovationAdoption of new and useful ideas
• DiffusionSpread of ideas
• GlobalizationWorldwide adoption of traits
• TraditionalismMaintenance of traditions

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Section 3 World Languages and Religions

• Read to Discover
• What is the geography of the worlds languages?
• What are the three main types of religions that
  geographers identify?

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Section 3 World Languages and Religions
Geography of Languages

• Languages have spatial characteristics they are
  linked to specific regions and people.
• Languages are divided into families and branches.
• Geographers study the origins and spread of
  languages.

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Section 3 World Languages and Religions
Types of Religions

• EthnicFocus on one ethnic group examples
  Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism
• AnimistFocus on spirits and forces of nature
  often have ethnic basis common in traditional
  societies
• UniversalizingSeek worldwide following
  examples Islam, Christianity

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Section 3 World Languages and Religions
Question What are examples of each of the three
main types of religions identified by
geographers?
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Section 3 World Languages and Religions
Universalizing Religions
Animist Religions
Ethnic Religions
Confucianism Hinduism Judaism Shintoism
Taoism
Traditional religions
Christianity Islam
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Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas

1. What do population geographers use to study
   population patterns and trends?
2. What factors influence migration?
3. What are culture traits? What is one example of
   how culture traits vary from place to place?
4. Why is language fundamental to culture?
5. Why is religion fundamental to culture?