Chapter%206:%20Sports%20Drink

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Chapter 6 Sports Drink
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Introductory Activity

• What do you think are the benefits of drinking a
  sports drink while exercising rather than plain
  water?
• How are your ideas influenced by the marketing
  strategies of the companies that sell these
  drinks?

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Sports Drinks

• This chapter will introduce the chemistry needed
  to understand how Sports Drinks work
• Section 6.1 Solutions electrolytes
• Section 6.2 Concentrations of solutions
• Section 6.3 Acidity pH
• Section 6.4 Solubility precipitates
• Section 6.5 Stoichiometry
• Section 6.7 Limiting Reactants
• Section 6.6 Properties of solutions

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Sports Drinks
Properties
Differ from pure liquids in
Solution
Concentrations
Electrolytes
pH
Solubility
Titrations
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Section 6.1Solutions Electrolytes
What are those electrolytes they say youre
replacing by drinking sports drinks?
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Dissolving substances

• Substances are dissolved by a process called
  hydration
• The solvent and solute need to break
  intermolecular forces within themselves
• New intermolecular forces are formed between the
  solvent and solute
• The solvent carries off the solute particles

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Dissolving Ionic Compounds
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Ionic compound
water
Water molecules are polar and they are attracted
to the charges of the ions in an ionic compound.

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When the intermolecular forces are stronger
between the water and the ion than the
intramolecular between the ions, the water
carries away the ion.
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Dissolving Ionic Compounds
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Ionic compound
water
As more ions are exposed to the water after the
outer ions were carried off, more ions can be
carried off as well.
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Dissolving Ionic Compounds
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Ionic compound
water













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These free-floating ions in the solution allow
electricity to be conducted













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Electrolytes

• When there are free-floating charges in a
  solution then it can conduct electricity.
• Things that produce free-floating charges when
  dissolved in water are called electrolytes.

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Dissolving Covalent Compounds
Polar covalent molecules are formed in the same
waywater forms intermolecular forces with the
solute and carries the solute particles away.
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Dissolving Covalent Compounds
However, the polar covalent molecules themselves
do not split into charged ionsthe solute
molecule stays together and just separates from
other solute molecules.
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Non-electrolytes

• When molecules separate from other molecules
  (breaking intermolecular forces), but
  free-floating charges are not produced from
  breaking intramolecular forces, the solution
  cannot conduct electricity.
• These are called non-electrolytes

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Types of Electrolytes
Strong Electrolytes
Non-Electrolytes
Weak Electrolytes
Ionic compounds
Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compounds
Almost all ions are separated when dissolved in
water.
No molecules separateions are not formed
Only a few ions are separated when dissolved in
water
Does not conduct electricity at all when
dissolved in water
Easily conducts electricity when dissolved in
water
Conducts electricity slightly when dissolved in
water
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Breaking up Electrolytes

• Leave polyatomic ions in-tact (including the
  subscript within the polyatomic ion)
• All subscripts not within a polyatomic ion become
  coefficients
• Be sure to include charges on the dissociated
  ions!

Example Break up the following ionic compounds
into their ions
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Na2CO3
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Breaking up Electrolytes

• Leave polyatomic ions in-tact (including the
  subscript within the polyatomic ion)
• All subscripts not within a polyatomic ion become
  coefficients
• Be sure to include charges on the dissociated
  ions!

Example Break up the following ionic compounds
into their ions
? K1 NO3-1 ? Ca2 2 NO3-1 ? 2 Na1 CO3-2
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Na2CO3
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Misconceptions about dissolving

• People often describe something that dissolves as
  having disappeared
• Before the solute dissolves, its in such a large
  group of particles that we can see it.
• After dissolving, the solute particles are still
  theretheyre just spread out throughout the
  solution and are in groupings so small that our
  eyes cant see them

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Types of Solutions
Unsaturated
Super-Saturated
Saturated
More solute can be dissolved
Has more solute than would make a saturated
solution dissolved
No more solute can be dissolvedits full
In general, the higher the temperature of a
solution, more solid can be dissolved.