PREPARING FOR THE OGET TEST

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PREPARING FOR THE OGET TEST

• Art and Literature Review

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Competencies addressed from Subarea 5

• 0017-Understand, interpret, and compare
  representations from the visual and performing
  arts from different periods and cultures, and
  understand the relationship of works of art to
  their social and historical contexts.
• 0018-Understand, interpret, and compare examples
  of literature from different periods and
  cultures, and understand the relationship of
  works of literature to their social and
  historical contexts.

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Egyptian Art

• Pharaoh as godlikemost art (pyramids, ziggurats,
  statues, etc.) used to emphasize that role, to
  immortalize and reinforce that power
• Social classes emphasized
• Rigid postures, animal symbolism, little
  suggestion of movement
• 3000-_at_343 B.C.reign of Egyptian-born pharaohs
  (King Tut1361-1352)
• (In roughly same time period (2150 B.C.) first
  recorded epic, The Epic of Gilgamesh is recorded
  in Mesopotamia, a region in southwest Asia.)

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Example of Egyptian Art

• c. 2650-2514
• http//www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/Hi
  story/Egypt/
• save/payne/payne.htm

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Greek Art and Architecture

• Mythological figurese.g. Zeus, Poseidon
• Proportion, Balance and Symmetry in architecture
• Statues begin to show movement and more detail.
• Greece was colonized in the 700s and 600s B.C.,
  but Acropolis was commissioned in 449 B.C.,
  shortly before Peloponnesian War.
• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle lived in the 400s
  and 300s B.C.

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Examples of Greek Art

• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35
  /Ac.parthenon5.jpg

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Greek Statues

• 
  
  Source
• Wikipedia.org

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Greek Literature

• Reliance on Fate and the gods
• Depicted gods as flawed, like humans
• Emphasized importance of Know thyself and The
  Golden Mean
• Major works to remember
• Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey (9th-8th
  century B.C.)
• Sophocles Oedipus (5th century B.C.)
• Sapphos poetry

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Roman Art and Architecture

• Practical Artbridges, aquaducts, roadways.
• Major contributionsarches, domes
• Distinctive art formthe bust
• Many Greek art forms and mythological stories
  copied/renamed, but Romans emphasized duty to the
  state and art shifted accordingly.
• Rome founded in 753 B.C. last Roman emperor
  abdicates in 476 A.D.
• 392 A.D.-Christianity made official religion of
  Rome.

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Arch of Constantine-Rome
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Cicero BustSource Wikipedia.org
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Roman Literature

• Virgils The Aeneid (_at_27-14 A.D.)--state-commissio
  ned work to give Rome history like Greece.
• Marcus Aurelius (166-179 A.D.) wrote Meditations
  on Stoic philosophy
• Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.) wrote Metamorphoses and
  other poems
• Roman comedies use formulas later adopted by
  Shakespearemistaken identity, twins separated at
  birth, star-crossed lovers
• Key Event 313-Edict by Constantine gives
  Christians freedom to practice their religion

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Middle Ages Timeline(usually dated from Fall of
Roman Empire to Fall of Constantinople)

• 476-After great expansion and separation of Rome
  into Western and Eastern empires, the Roman
  Empire falls.
• 570Muhammad born
• 742-814-rule of Charlemagne, basis for The Song
  of Roland
• _at_10th centuryBeowulf is written (oldest English
  epic)
• 1066-Norman Conquest
• 1095-1291-Crusades
• 1347-1352 and 1443The Black Death
• 1453-Constantinople falls to Turks churches such
  as Hagia Sophia become mosques classic texts are
  spread throughout Europe

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Romanesque Architecture

• Primarily 11th and 12th centuries
• Linked to characteristics of Roman architecture
• Thick walls, rounded arches (component of the
  dome), barrel vaults, cross layout in churches,
  frescoes, relics, bell towers
• Think of monasteries and churches for pilgrimages
  church is center of every town in Middle Ages.

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Romanesque BuildingAbbey at Fontenay
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Gothic Architecture

• 12th century to 14th century primarily, but
  examples through 16th and 17th centuries
• Pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass
• Art is considered Bible for the poor, often
  illiterate.
• Think Notre Dame Cathedral

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• Notre
• Dame
• Cathedral
• (constructed
• 12th-17th
• Centuries)

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Flying buttresses
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Chartres Cathedral(rebuilt in 12th and 13th c.)
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Saint Chapelle
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12th-14th century Literature

• Mostly recorded by monks
• Strong religious overtones and morality lessons
• Allegory is common form
• Main names to remember
• -Dante, The Divine Comedy
• -Boccaccio, The Decameron
• -Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
• -Petrarch, sonnets (13th c.)

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Renaissance Architecture(1400-1600)

• Early Renaissance architecture was a revival of
  Greek and Roman formsvaults, domes, Greek
  columns, symmetry
• Major name to remember--Brunelleschi (e.g. dome
  of Florence)
• Protestant Reformation, beginning with 1534 Act
  of Supremacy, influenced art and literature
• Beginnings of Baroque were seen as influence of
  Counter-Reformation

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Florence Duomo
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Renaissance Art-Leonardos Mona Lisa-16th c.
http//webpages.uncc.edu/sadrake/whwebquesttoc.ht
mMichelangelos David-16th c.
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Renaissance Literature(1300s-1600s)

• Often tributes to monarchs or to other
  individuals, but also to learning and humanism
• Classical forms borrowed for new themes
• Main names to remember
• Sonnets--Shakespeare
• EpicSpensers The Faerie Queene
• PlaysMarlowes Doctor Faustus, all of
  Shakespeares works (many copying from Roman
  historye.g. Caesaror comedies)
• Mock Epic/Early Novel-Cervantes Don Quixote

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17th 18th-century Art and Architecture

• Baroquestarting in 17th century with emotional,
  rich ornamentation (representing wealth of Church
  as statement in Counter-Reformation, large
  frescoes)
• Rococo, a variation of Baroque, is usually more
  constrainede.g. Versailles
• Neoclassicalmid-18th century-oncharacterized by
  sharper colors and lines, a cleaner, classical
  designe.g. Brandenburg Gates, built in late 1700s

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French Baroque
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Baroque art-Caravaggio Source
http//www.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/visualar
ts/Image-Library/Caravaggio/Caravaggio-Judith-Behe
ading-Holofernes-1598.jpg
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Baroque art-Berninis Apollo and Daphne(early
17th c.)

• http//www.galleriaborghese.it/
• borghese/en/edafne.htm

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VersaillesBaroque/Rococo
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Brandenburg Gates-Neoclassical
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Versailles-Hall of Mirrors-Baroque
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18th-Century Literature

• Novels become populare.g. Defoes Robinson
  Crusoe, Richardsons Pamela
• SatireJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal and
  Gullivers Travels
• Alexander Popes essaysWhatever is, is right
• Periodical journalismAddison and Steele

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Romanticism(early 19th century)

• Industrial Revolution (mid-18th-19th c.) and
  increased transportation (passenger
  railways-early 1800s) made some artists and
  writers feel separated from nature/agriculture
• 1775-1783-American Revolution
• 1789-French Revolution
• Art and literature characterized by emotionalism,
  untamed nature, landscapes, single figures in
  isolated settings also the common person is
  romanticized.
• Artists to remember
• England-Delacroix, Blake, Turner (Saint Denis),
  Constable Germany-Friedrich Spain-Goya

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Delacroixs Liberty Leading the
Peoplehttp//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/delacr
oix/liberte/liberty.jpg
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Caspar Friedrichs The Solitary Tree
http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/friedrich/fr
iedrich.solitary-tree.jpg
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Joseph Turners The Grand Canal-Venicehttp//www.
ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/turner/i/grand-canal.jpg
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19th-century writers to remember Romantics and
Victorians

• Wordsworth-Tintern Abbey and Lyrical Ballads
• Keats--Odes
• ByronDon Juan
• Mary ShelleyFrankenstein
• Edgar Allan Poeshort stories and The Raven
• Charles DickensOliver Twist, etc.
• Jane AustenPride and Prejudice, etc.
• Louisa May AlcottLittle Women
• Charlotte Emily BronteJane Eyre Wuthering
  Heights
• Herman Melville--Moby Dick
• Walt WhitmanLeaves of Grass

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ImpressionismInfluence of Light1860s-1880se.g.
Monet

• http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/
• 
  auth/monet/waterlilies/monet.wl-green.jpg

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Post-ImpressionismEmotional, Individual
Perspective1880s-1900se.g. Van Gogh

• Source
  Wikipedia.org

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Expressionism/Abstract Expressionismno clear
object or nonrealistic representation--
1910s-1940se.g. Pollock

• Source http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/pollo
  ck/pollock.male-female.jpg

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A few writers to remember

• F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 1925
• William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury, 1929
• Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, 1929
• T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land, 1922
• Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, 1925
• Gertrude Stein, The Autobiography of Alice B.
  Toklas, 1930s
• Willa Cather, O, Pioneers, 1913

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Surrealism1924-1950sfantasticale.g. Dalis
Persistence of Memory

• Source http//www.moma.org/collection/browse_res
  ults.php?object_id79018

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A few writers to remember

• George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion, 1938
• Samuel BeckettWaiting for Godot (written 1940s,
  published 1952)
• Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, 1955,
  and Streetcar Named Desire, 1948
• Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, 1949
• George Orwell, 1984, 1949

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Contemporary Art-1960s-presentoften political,
using different mediae.g. Basquiat

• Source http//ikonltd.com/images/lg/basquiat_Mal
  colm-Morley.jpg

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A few contemporary writers

• Edward Albee, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf,
  1962
• Truman Capote, In Cold Blood, 1965
• John Updike (1932- ), novelist of Rabbit, Run
  series
• Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. (1922-2007), novelist of
  Slaughterhouse Five (1969) and others
• Sam Shepard (1943- ), playwright of The Curse of
  the Starving Class (1978) and others
• Adrienne Rich (1929- ), poet
• Joyce Carol Oates (1938- ), novelist

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Art Pop Quiz
Which culture brought great examples of
civic engineering such as this?
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Romanesque or Gothic?
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What features are Romanesque?
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What school links all these?
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What movement links these?
Pollock
Kandinsky, 1923
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What movement links these?
Matt Ernst, 1937
Salvador Dali, 1941
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What makes this Gericault painting (Raft of the
Medusa) Romantic with a capital R?
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Literature Pop Quiz

• 1. When did the novel emerge?
• 2. What are the most dominant literary forms
  from the Greeks?
• 3. What is a sonnet?
• 4. When did the Romantic poets write?
• 5. Who would have been responsible for recording
  literature in the Middle Ages?
• 6. What is an allegory?
• 7. What is a fable?
• 8. Would modern literature be more or less
  realistic than stories of the Middle Ages?

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Key Authors

• 1. What literary form is Jonathan Swift known
  for?
• 2. John Keats, William Wordsworth, and Samuel
  Taylor Coleridge are all poets of what period?
• 3. Samuel Beckett, Bertolt Brecht, and George
  Bernard Shaw are best known for writing what form
  of literature?
• 4. What time period or culture should these
  names be associated withPlato? William
  Shakespeare? Chaucer? Jane Austen?