Present%20system,%20Passive%20voice

1
Present system, Passive voice

• In the active voice, the subject performs
• the action of the verb.
• In the passive voice, the subject receives
• the action (i.e. acts as the object) of the
• verb.

2
Present Active1st conjugation laudo -are -avi
-atum

• laudo
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Active personal endings

laudo lauda-s lauda-t lauda-mus lauda-tis lauda-n
t
-o / -m
-s -t
-mus -tis
-nt
3
Present Passive1st conjugation laudo -are -avi
-atum

• laudo
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Passive personal endings

laudo-r lauda-ris lauda-tur lauda-mur lauda-mini
lauda-ntur
-r -ris
-tur -mur
-mini -ntur
4
Present Active2nd conjugation video -ere vidi
visum

• video
• vide
• vide
• vide
• vide
• vide

• Active personal endings

video vide-s vide-t vide-mus vide-tis vide-nt
-o / -m
-s -t
-mus -tis
-nt
5
Present Passive2nd conjugation video -ere vidi
visum

• video
• vide
• vide
• vide
• vide
• vide

• Passive personal endings

video-r vide-ris vide-tur vide-mur vide-mini vide
-ntur
-r -ris
-tur -mur
-mini -ntur
6
Imperfect Active-ba-1st conjugation laudo -are
-avi -atum

• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Active personal endings

m s t mus tis nt
-o / -m
-s -t
-mus -tis
-nt
-ba- -ba- -ba- -ba- -ba- -ba-
7
Imperfect Passive-ba-1st conjugation laudo
-are -avi -atum

• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Passive personal endings

r ris tur mur mini ntur
-ba- -ba- -ba- -ba- -ba- -ba-
-r -ris
-tur -mur
-mini -ntur
8
Future Active-bi- / -e-1st conjugation laudo
-are -avi -atum

• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Active personal endings

o s t mus tis nt
-o / -m
-s -t
-mus -tis
-nt
-b- -bi- -bi- -bi- -bi- -bu-
9
Future Passive -bi- / -e- 1st conjugation
laudo -are -avi -atum

• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Passive personal endings

or ris tur mur mini ntur
-r -ris
-tur -mur
-mini -ntur
-b- -be- -bi- -bi- -bi- -bu-
10
Future Passive -bi- / -e- 1st conjugation
laudo -are -avi -atum

• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda
• lauda

• Passive personal endings

or ris tur mur mini ntur
-r -ris
-tur -mur
-mini -ntur
-b- -be- -bi- -bi- -bi- -bu-
11
Present passives
1st amor amaris amatur amamur amamini amantur
2nd videor videris videtur videmur videmini vident
ur
12
Present passives
3rd regor regeris regitur regimur regimini reguntu
r
3rd -io capior caperis capitur capimur capimini ca
piuntur
4th audior audiris auditur audimur audimini audiun
tur
13
Imperfect passives
1st amabar amabaris amabatur amabamur amabamini am
abantur
2nd videbar videbaris videbatur videbamur videbami
ni videbantur
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Imperfect passives
3rd regebar regebaris regebatur regebamur regebami
ni regebantur
3rd -io capiebar capiebaris capiebatur capiebamur
capiebamini capiebantur
4th audiebar audiebaris audiebatur audiebamur audi
ebamini audiebantur
15
Future passives
1st amabar amaberis amabitur amabimur amabimini am
abuntur
2nd videbor videberis videbitur videbimur videbimi
ni videbuntur
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Future passives
3rd regar regeris regetur regemur regemini regentu
r
3rd -io capiar capieris capietur capiemur capiemin
i capientur
4th audiar audieris audietur audiemur audiemini au
dientur
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Present passive infinitives
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -io 4th
amari videri regi capi audiri
18
Compare active/passive

• Caesarem monet
• Caesar monetur
• urbem delebat
• urbs delebatur
• patriam conservabit
• patria conservabitur

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Examples

• etiam fortes viri subitis periculis saepe
  terrentur.
• mentes nostrae memoria potenti illorum duorum
  factorum cito movebuntur.
• bella difficilia sine consilio et clementia
  numquam gerebantur.
• omnia genera servitutis nobis videntur aspera.