The Civil War

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The Civil War

• An Interactive Slide Show

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Bombardment of Ft. Sumter, Charleston Harbor
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Ft. Sumter

• 2/1861 7 states have seceded. Jefferson Davis
  has been elected president of the CSA.
• 3/1861 Lincoln is inaugurated. Only 2 southern
  forts remain under Union control, including Ft.
  Sumter.
• 4/6/1861 Lincoln informed South Carolina
  officials that he intended to resupply Ft.
  Sumter.
• 4/12/1861 Confederate forces open fire on the
  fort before the supplies can arrive. After 33
  hours, the Union commander of the fort
  surrendered on April 14.
• Lincoln issues a call for troops to put down the
  rebellion of the Confederate states. Volunteers
  head towards Washington, D.C.

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Ft. Sumter Activity

• Answer the following from the point of view of
  the individuals in the picture
• What are you doing? Why are you attacking that
  fort?
• What dangers do you face? Have you ever
  experienced war? What do you expect will happen?
• Do you expect to win this battle? To win the
  entire war? Why?
• Why are you fighting your fellow countrymen? How
  does that make you feel?

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Map of the United States, 1861
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Map of the United States, 1861

• Arkansas, Tennessee, N. Carolina, and Virginia
  secede after Ft. Sumter. Maryland, Kentucky, and
  Missouri remained in the Union.
• To silence secessionists in Maryland, Lincoln
  suspended Habeus Corpus, arresting and jailing
  them without a trial.
• Choosing sides was especially difficult for
  Southern military officers, such as Robert E.
  Lee. I cannot raise my hand against my
  birthplace, my home, my children.

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Map of the United States, 1861

• Northern advantages larger population,
  controlled 75 of nations wealth, 81 of
  factories, 67 of farms, 66 of rail lines.
• Southern advantages strong support for the war,
  fighting in familiar territory, superior military
  leadership
• Northern strategy blockade the southern coast,
  gain control of the Mississippi River, capture
  Richmond, the CSA capital.
• Southern strategy defend homeland, hold onto as
  much territory as possible until the Union gets
  sick of fighting.

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• Gloom in the North
• Caption
• Shall it come to that?
• Left Lincoln
• Right (in stroller)
• General McClellan

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Gloom in the North

• July, 1861 Union loses the first major battle of
  the war, The Battle of Bull Run/Manassas.
  Lincoln hires George McClellan to head the Army
  of the Potomac (Union army in East).
• June, 1862 McClellans troops are forced to
  retreat after an unsuccessful attempt to take
  Richmond.
• September, 1862 Davis orders Lee to take the
  offensive, and move into Maryland. Union
  soldiers discover Lees battle orders and are
  ready. The Battle of Antietam is the bloodiest
  single day of the war.
• Lee retreats, and McClellan is ordered to follow
  him and destroy the rebel army. When he
  refuses, he is replaced by Ambrose Burnside.

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Gloom in the North, Activity

• Study the picture to the right. Lincoln is on
  the left, and McClellan is on the right. They
  are in McClellans tent at Antietam.
• Imagine that the battle has just ended. What are
  they saying to each other?

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln writing the Emancipation Proclamation.
• His left hand rests on a Bible, that is on top of
  a copy of the Constitution
• What do you notice? How would you analyze the
  symbols in this image?

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• After the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln declared
  that on Jan. 1, 1863, he would sign a
  proclamation freeing all slaves in rebel
  territory. He says of his decision, The time
  came when I felt that slavery must die that the
  nation might live.
• Though the proclamation freed no one (Lincoln had
  no power to emancipate the slaves of the CSA), it
  changed everything. The war became a crusade for
  freedom. After signing the document, Lincoln
  said, If my name ever goes into history, it will
  be for this act, and my whole soul is in it.

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African Americans in the War
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African Americans in the War

• In 1863, Lincoln ordered Union recruiters to
  accept African American soldiers. 215,000 black
  troops join the Army and Navy, more than half of
  whom were fugitive slaves.
• The most famous of the black units was the 54th
  Massachusetts regiment, under the command of
  Robert Gould Shaw (subject of the movie, Glory
  see clip).
• Over half of the regiment was wounded, captured
  or killed at an attack on Ft. Wagner near
  Charleston, SC. Their bravery won respect for
  African American troops.

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African Americans in the War

• Answer the following from the point of view of
  the individuals in the picture
• What are you doing here? Are you from the North
  or the South?
• Why have you chosen to fight for the Union? What
  do you expect will happen to you when you reach
  the South?
• What are your goals in this war?
• What problems do you face as a soldier? Are you
  willing to fight despite discrimination?

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Women in the WarWhat do you see them doing?
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Women in the War

• Women took on new responsibilities while the men
  were away at war they became teachers, office
  workers, sales clerks, and government workers.
  They worked in factories and on farms.
• To help the soldiers, they made bandages,
  blankets, and ammunition. They collected food,
  clothing, medicine and money.
• Many women worked as nurses, including Dorthea
  Dix, Clara Barton, and Sally Tompkins. Others
  worked as spies, including Harriet Tubman, Rose
  Greenhow, and Loretta Velazquez.
• In the North, life remained much the same. In
  the South however, where most of the fighting
  took place, goods were scarce, and crops, homes,
  and whole cities were destroyed.

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Gettysburg, the Turning Point
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Gettysburg, The Turning Point

• In June, 1863, Lee began moving North. The new
  Union commander, General Meade, was told to
  protect Washington and Baltimore from attack.
• The two armies met on July 1 near Gettysburg,
  Pennsylvania. The Union took the high ground
  (day one).
• On day two, Lee sought to take the hills on
  either side of the Union line (the round tops).
  The Confederate Army took Big Round Top, and
  then headed towards Little Round Top.
• Little Round Top was protected by the 20th Maine
  Regiment, headed by Joshua Chamberlain. The
  Confederate soldiers were held back 5 times. Out
  of ammunition, Chamberlain ordered a bayonet
  charge. They hold the hill. See clip from
  Gettysburg.

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Gettysburg, The Turning Point

• On the third day of battle, Lee ordered General
  George Pickett to lead a charge into the center
  of the Union line. They are ordered to march
  without shooting until they reach the Union line.
  
• Picketts Charge was a huge failure. Lees army
  would never again reach so far into Northern
  territory. Pickett says of Lee That old man had
  my division slaughtered.
• 1/3 of the 51,000 soldiers at Gettysburg were
  lost. There were 23,000 Union casualties and
  28,000 Confederate casualties.

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Gettysburg, the Turning Point Activity

• On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln delivered
  a short speech to dedicate a national cemetery on
  the Gettysburg battlefield.
• Read the Gettysburg Address on page 618 of your
  book.
• In what ways could this speech have boosted
  morale in the North?

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Shermans March

• What do you see?
• What emotions are conveyed by this painting?

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Shermans March

• Total War War on all aspects of the enemys
  life.
• While Union commander Ulysses S. Grant was camped
  outside of Richmond at Petersburg, William T.
  Sherman was given the task to wage total war on
  the South.
• He started by taking Atlanta in the summer of
  1864. After burning the city to the ground, he
  and his 62,000 men marched towards the seaport of
  Savannah.
• The Army was to live off the land and burn
  anything that was useful to the Confederacy. The
  men tore up railroad tracks, burned fields and
  stole food. They were ordered to leave the homes
  alone, but this order wasnt enforced.
• Shermans march resulted in 100 million worth of
  damage over 425 miles of territory. After
  reaching Savannah, Sherman headed North to meet
  up with Grant, traveling through the Carolinas.

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Viewing without Context
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Andersonville Prison Camp
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Appomattox Courthouse

• The Home of Wilmer McLean
• Listen to his story

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Appomattox Courthouse

• April 7, 1865 Grant writes to Lee, asking him to
  surrender.
• April 8, 1865 Lee meets with his officers. His
  army is surrounded at Appomattox 5 to 1.
• April 9, 1865 Lee sends a letter of surrender
  under a white flag to Grant.
• Terms of Surrender Confederate officers can
  keep their side arms, and horses. Grant gave Lee
  25,000 rations for the starving Confederate
  troops.
• On May 10, Jefferson Davis was captured by Union
  forces. The War was over.

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Lincoln Before and After.What are the
differences between these two photos?
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Lincoln Before and After

• On March 4, 1865, Lincoln was sworn in as
  president for the second time. After his
  inaugural address, he said I am a tired man.
  Sometimes I think I am the tiredest man on
  earth.
• Lincoln had dealt with a lot in his first term as
  president running the government, and the war
  going through six different Union commanders
  public criticism for the war death threats from
  secessionists the death of his son, Willie, in
  1862 his wifes mental illness.
• On April 14, 5 days after Lees surrender,
  Lincoln and his wife went to Fords Theater in
  D.C. to see the play Our American Cousin. He
  was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth, a
  Southern sympathizer, and died the next morning.
  Booth was trapped and shot on April 26.

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Lincoln Before and After

• How do you think Lincoln would have responded to
  the following questions
• Mr. President, did you dream come true?
• What should happen to your assassin? Why?
• You lived to see the end of the war, but you have
  not seen the Union reunited. How do you feel
  about that?
• If you could have lived out your term in office,
  how would you have treated the South?
• If you had three wishes, what would they be?