Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• Biology I

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Cellular Respiration

• Starts with the GLUCOSE made in the dark cycle of
  Photosynthesis

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Cellular Respiration

• Autotrophs use cellular respiration to harvest
  the energy they have made during photosynthesis. 
  
• Heterotrophs use cellular respiration to access
  the energy in the glucose obtained from the foods
  that they consume.

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Cellular Respiration

• Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
• Starts with a molecule of glucose
• Occurs in all organisms (we just get our glucose
  from eating it)

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One molecule of glucose   2 Pyruvic Acid in a
process called glycolysis   If Oxygen is
present                        If Oxygen is NOT
present   Aerobic Respiration                     
               Fermentation
ETOH, CO2 in yeast Plants                Lactic
Acid in animals                       
(Alcoholic fermentation)                 (Lactic
Acid Fermentation)             

• Fermentation in fungi plants (alcohol CO2)

• Animals bacteria produce ENERGY carbon
  dioxide gas

• Lactic Acid in animals (lactic acid)

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Muscle Pain

• As you exercise, you use and deplete your oxygen
  supply - you begin to breathe quicker your
  heart rate increases to get more oxygen. 
• When there is no oxygen in your muscle cells (as
  in heavy exercise), your cells switch over to
  anaerobic respiration (lactic acid
  fermentation).  Lactic acid is produced and
  quickly builds up in the muscles. 

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Muscle Pain

• This sharp build up of acid changes the pH in
  your cells and causes muscle pain.  As the body
  slows and starts to replenish its oxygen, the
  body begins to break down the lactic acid. 
• This process can take several days, but will
  eventually restore normal pH levels and get rid
  of muscle pain.

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Anaerobic Fermentation
One molecule of glucose   2 Pyruvic Acid in a
process called glycolysis   If Oxygen is
present                        If Oxygen is NOT
present   Aerobic Respiration                     
               Fermentation
ETOH, CO2 in yeast Plants                Lactic
Acid in animals                       
(Alcoholic fermentation)                 (Lactic
Acid Fermentation)             

• Yeast (fungi) and plants go through anaerobic
  fermentation because oxygen is not readily
  available inside the organism.
• The by-product of fermentation is alcohol
  carbon dioxide

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Anaerobic Fermentation
One molecule of glucose   2 Pyruvic Acid in a
process called glycolysis   If Oxygen is
present                        If Oxygen is NOT
present   Aerobic Respiration                     
               Fermentation
ETOH, CO2 in yeast Plants                Lactic
Acid in animals                       
(Alcoholic fermentation)                 (Lactic
Acid Fermentation)             

• Anaerobic fermentation is behind the production
  of beer wine.
• The alcohol provides alcohol
• The carbon dioxide provides carbonation

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Aerobic Respiration

• Takes place in the mitochondria
• Takes place in the presence of oxygen
• Makes 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose

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One molecule of glucose   2 Pyruvic Acid in a
process called glycolysis   If Oxygen is
present                        If Oxygen is NOT
present   Aerobic Respiration                     
               Fermentation
ETOH, CO2 in yeast Plants                Lactic
Acid in animals                       
(Alcoholic fermentation)                 (Lactic
Acid Fermentation)             
To Review

• Fermentation in fungi plants (alcohol CO2)

• Animals bacteria produce ENERGY carbon
  dioxide gas

• Lactic Acid in animals (lactic acid)

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Anaerobic Respiration

• Takes place in the cytoplasm
• Yield little or no ATP
• Converts Pyruvic Acid to either
• Alcohol CO2 OR
• Lactic Acid (which is eventually made back into
  Pyruvic Acid)

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Aerobic Respiration

• There are three parts
• GLYCOLSIS
• Converts Glucose to Pyruvic Acid
• Takes Place in the Cytoplasm
• Makes 2 ATP
• KREB CYCLE
• Makes ATP other energy molecules
• Takes Place in the Mitochondrial Matrix
• Is catalyzed by Acetyl CoA
• Electron Transport System
• Converts the other molecules into 32 ATP Water
• Takes place in the Mitochondrial Membrane

ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
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Glucose Pyruvic Acid (made through Glycosylation,
makes 2 ATP!!)   Combines with CoEnzyme A to
create Acetyl CoA which drives the Krebs Cycle
Glucose Pyruvic Acid (made through Glycosylation,
makes 2 ATP!!)   Combines with CoEnzyme A to
create Acetyl CoA which drives the Krebs Cycle
Glucose Pyruvic Acid (made through Glycosylation,
makes 2 ATP!!)   Combines with CoEnzyme A to
create Acetyl CoA which drives the Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
   
   
   
CO2 (Minimal)
ATP FADH2 NADH D
         
CO2 (Minimal)
ATP FADH2 NADH D
         
CO2 (Minimal)
ATP FADH2 NADH D
         
Then goes here
Then goes here
Starts Here
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Ahhhhh technology!
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Final Thoughts

• Any Questions?