From the Andes to the Amazon

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Chapter IX

• From the Andes to the Amazon

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Mountains Highlands

• Sierra Madre Mts.- Mexico
• Andes Mts.- Throughout South America (The Inca
  Indians lived here.)
• Coastal areas in Latin America are more densely
  populated, because mountain ranges were a barrier
  to movement away from the coast.

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The Amazon Other Rivers

• The three major river systems in South America
  are Orinoco, Amazon and Parana.
• Central American and the Caribbean countries are
  less dependent on river systems than South
  American countries because they are surrounded by
  water.

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Islands

• The Bahamas, Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles
  make up the three major islands in the Caribbean.

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Resources

• Mineral resources- (Gold Silver)
• Energy resources- (Oil Natural Gas)
• Agricultural and forest resources- (Timber)
• Brazil generates the most hydroelectric power
  because of all its rivers.

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Section 2Climate Vegetation

• Climate can range from hot humid to dry
  desert-like.
• Vegetation may be rain forest, grasslands or
  desert plants.

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Reasons for Variety in Climate Vegetation

• 1st- Latin America spans a great distance on each
  side of the equator.
• 2nd- Huge changes in elevation because of the
  massive mountains in the region.
• 3rd- Warm currents from the Atlantic and cold
  currents from the Pacific affect the climate.

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• A community of plants and animals living in
  balance make up an ecosystem.
• More than 2 million square miles of land is
  covered by rain forest.
• Countries that have rain forests include
  (Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Brazil,
  Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru etc.)
• Countries with savannas include (Brazil,
  Columbia and Argentina).
• Countries with semiarid climates include (Mexico,
  Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina).

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Places Terms

• Andes Mountains- a large system of mountain
  ranges located along the Pacific coast of Central
  and South America.
• Llanos- a large, grassy, treeless area in South
  America, used for grazing and farming.
• Cerrado- a savanna that has flat terrain and
  moderate rainfall, which make it suitable for
  farming.

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• Pampas- a vast area of grassland and rich soil in
  south-central South America.
• Orinoco River- a river mainly in Venezula and
  part of South Americas northernmost river
  system.
• Amazon River- the second longest river in the
  world, and one of South Americas three major
  river systems, running about 4,000 miles from
  west to east, and emptying into the Atlantic
  Ocean.

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• Parana River- a river in central South America
  and one of its three major river systems,
  originating in the highlands of southern Brazil,
  traveling about 3,000 miles south and west.
• Rain forest- a forest region located in the
  Tropical Zone with a heavy concentration of
  different species of broadleaf trees.
• Slash-and-burn- a way of clearing fields for
  planting by cutting tree brush, and grasses and
  burning them.

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• Terraced farming- an ancient technique for
  growing crops on hills or mountain slopes, using
  step-like horizontal fields cut into the slopes.
• Push factors- causes people to leave their
  homelands and migrate to another region.
• Pull factors- draws or attracts people to another
  location.
• Infrastructure- the basic support systems needed
  to keep an economy going.

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Section 3Urbanization

• The three most urbanized countries in South
  America are Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.
• Most people move to urban areas (cities) for
  better jobs, schools and medical care.

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Tourism

• Important in Mexico and the Caribbean.
• Advantages Increased local employment and more
  money is introduced into the local economy.
• Disadvantages Congestion and pollution.
• The gap between rich tourists and less well-off
  residents causes resentment.

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Questions

• What might be the impact of tourists on the local
  economy?
• Look at the chart on page 212.
• What is the chart comparing?
• What does the blue stand for?
• What does the green stand for?

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• Which city had the largest population in 1968?
• Which city had the largest population in 2000?
• What two cities showed the biggest increase in
  population between 1968 and 2000?

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