Energy efficient residential buildings in India

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Energy efficient residential buildings in India

• International Conference on Growth with
  Stability in Affordable Housing Markets
• 31st January,2012
• Mili Majumdar,
• Director
• Sustainable Habitat Division
• TERI New Delhi

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Urbanization Population Growth

• Population of India will reach from current 1.2bn
  to 1.4bn by 2025
• By 2030, 40.8 (600mn) of Indias population will
  be living in urban areas compared to current
  28.4

3
Urbanization Housing Demand-Supply Dynamics
Supply shortfall since post-independence
(1947) In 2005, estimated demand 209.5 million,
supply 189.5 million
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NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty
cities
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Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units)
in India-sectoral break up2008-09
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Cumulative emissions savings- Urban residential
buildings
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Approaches to energy efficient housing

• Vernacular approach to design (passive
  architecture, local materials, use of local
  labor) Low income/low cost housing and mass
  housing programmes of the government certain
  pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville)
• Adoption of Energy conservation building code in
  envelope design, labelled appliances for
  households particularly applicable to middle and
  high income group housing
• Green rated housing Energy and resource
  efficiency looked at holistically in addition to
  indoor environmental quality and societal issues

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Use of low embodied energy technologies for
housing
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Works of Charles Correa Architectural
expressions with dominance of natural climate
control measures
Design for daytime and nighttime use
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Silkworm rearing house Bangalore
Thermal comfort requirement Chawki room 25 to
28 deg C with 70-90 RH Rearing room 23 to 25
deg C with 70-80 RH
Non uniform heating/cooling leads to loss in
50-70 of yield
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Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing house
Building section for silkworm rearing house
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Silkworm rearing being carried out in the
constructed solar passive house
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Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing
house in winter season of Bangalore
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Performance of the house

• First rearing was carried out in the month of
  December.
• Required temperatures for silkworm rearing is
  22deg C 24degC.
• Outside ambient temperatures monitored during
  rearing were between 13deg C and 30deg C.
• Inside the solar passive house the maintained
  temperatures were between 20deg C to 24deg C.

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Adoption of Energy conservation building code in
envelope design, labelled appliances for
households Potential for energy savings and
providing financial incentive
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Energy Efficient housing Application of solar
passive design in conjunction with select
measures from the Energy Conservation Building
Code

• Base Case parameters
• FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both
  sides
• RCC roof
• 6mm single clear glass with MS frame
• Incandescent lamp, T-12
• one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room

EPIbase 152 kWh/m2/annum
EPIbase 152 kWh/m2/annum

• Assumptions
• People- 100 occupancy for 24 hrs
• Lighting- 100 for 18hrs -22hrs
• AC- Living room-12hr-20hrs
• AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr
• 21hr-6hr

EPIECBCenvelope 111 kWh/m2/annum
EPIrecommended case 119 kWh/m2/annum

• ECBC compliant
• Wall insulation
• Roof insulation with reflective coating
• Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC
• CFL, T-5
• five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room

Payback period 4-7 years
EPIeff.light_fivestareAC 86 kWh/m2/annum
EPIeff.light_fivestareAC 79 kWh/m2/annum

• Recommended case
• Wall shading
• Sakora roof with reflective coating
• ECBC compliant window
• CFL, T-5
• five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room

Annual energy savings 66 kWh/m2
Annual energy savings 73 kWH/m2
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The IT Toolkit entrance
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The assesment tool structure
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Savings from various ECMs
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Saving potential

• Energy Conservation Measures
• Efficient Envelope Materials
• Efficient Lighting System
• Efficient AC system
• Solar Hot Water System

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Green rating for housing
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Green rating for housing

• GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
  Assessment)
• LEED rating for homes
• Ecohousing programme in city on Pune (Western
  India)

Market driven and partly incentivised
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GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction,
operation of a green building ,and in turn
.measure greenness of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed
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Key highlights of GRIHA

• Sets out guidelines for design, construction and
  operation
• Sets performances benchmarks for key resources
  like, energy and water
• Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge
  on architecture with present day technology
• Integrates all relevant Indian codes and
  standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS codes)
• Is in complete alignment with government policies
  and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the
  MoEF GRIHA pre certification gets fast track EIA
  clearance)

• Building types (new constructions)
• Commercial
• Residential
• 5 climatic zones
• Hot Dry
• Warm Humid
• Composite
• Temperate
• Cold

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The Doon School Masters Houses
Monitored indoor temperature profiles show
performance nearly equal (in some cases better)
than the simulation studies (gtgt40 Centigrade
difference from conventional houses)
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Common wealth games village

• Sustainable site planning measures (compensatory
  afforestation, topsoil preservation, etc)
• Water efficient landscape by adopting native
  species, efficient irrigation systems and
  limiting turf areas.
• Building water consumption reduced by use of high
  efficiency and low-flow fixtures.
• Energy efficiency measures such as high
  performance glass, roof insulation, energy
  efficient lighting and variable refrigerant
  volume based air conditioning shall reduce the
  energy consumption of the apartments
  significantly.
• Solar photo voltaic system is proposed to meet
  the 10 of total energy requirement for internal
  lighting.
• Waste water recycling and solid waste management
  system are being planned.

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Incentives for GRIHA Rated Green Buildings
(governmemt projects only)

• Reimbursement of rating-cum-registration fee for
  buildings with higher rating
• Incentives to architects/ design consultants
• Capital subsidy for SPV installations under
  Ministrys scheme
• Promotional activities (training, awareness
  generation, capacity building programmes)
• Incentives to Urban Local Bodies
• First 200 Government buildings exempted from
  paying registration fees in advance.

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Conclusion

• Alternative/vernacular materials and techniques
  need mainstreaming through market push and
  acceptance among developers/builders/design
  community
• Local skill base needs enhancement
• Policy impetus with enabling financial mechanisms
• Standards and norms for EE in housing
• Awareness and capacity building

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• Thank you for your attention