ANKLE JOINT

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ANKLE JOINT

• Bony arrangement stability
• Ligaments play major role in stability
• flexion dorsiflexion
• extension plantar flexion

FIG 6.13page 207
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taxing theEccentric StrengthofInversion
Muscles
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SUBTALAR JOINT

• allows foot to navigate uneven surfaces
• inversion (sole in) and eversion (sole out)
• inversion with plantar flexion
• eversion with dorsiflexion

FIG 6.15page 209Inversion during Plantar
Flexion
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Muscles of Ankle Foot

• Strength important on all sides
• Muscular imbalance misalignment
• misalignment line of g eccentric to joints
• weak dorsiflexors may cause shin splints
• overdeveloped inversion/plantar flexion muscles
  prone to lateral ankle sprains

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Stretching Achilles Tendon

• Preventative measure for shin splints
• Achilles tendon extension of both gastrocnemius
  and soleus muscles
• 2 dorsiflexion stretches 1. with knee
  extended 2. with knee flexed

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Plantar Fasciitis

• Overuse Syndrome injury
• overload of stress at insertion of plantar
  surface fascia on calcaneous
• chronic therapy involves 1. Strengthen plantar
  dorsiflexors 2. Increase ROM in dorsiflexion
  see page 210 re Kibler et al study

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LOCOMOTION Walking
Running

• Long support phase 65
• always support phase

• Shorter support phase
• non-support phase
• F vertical 3 x body wt

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Ideal Alignments LEG

• Lower extremities like columns supporting a roof
• Ideally as vertically aligned and as straight as
  possible to support the forces from above

FIG 6.19page 213
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Ideal Alignments FOOT
FIG 6.20page 214
a is Ideal FIG 6.21
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Leg Length Inequities

• Anatomical - due to bone structure
• Functional - due to tilted pelvis
• Environmental - due to uneven ground

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TORSION Femoral
Tibial

• Tibia rotated lateral
• lateral facing patella
• frequent in MALES
• treatment
• - muscular balance in all 3 hamstrings must be
  developed

• Femur rotated medial
• medial facing patella
• frequent in FEMALES
• treatment
• 1. Strengthen lateral hip rotators
• 2. Stretch medial hip rotators

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VARUS

• INWARD angle from proximal to distal
• lateral stress is proximal
• medial stress is distal

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VALGUS

• OUTWARD angle from proximal to distal
• medial stress is proximal
• lateral stress is distal

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Key Features of Good Shoes

• Heel well cushioned
• Heel Counter firm
• Arch Support firm
• Sole Width reasonable for stability
• Forefoot flexible
• Toe Box with reasonable room
• Traction, Durability, Permeability