Title: Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
1Immunité innée et mucoviscidose
M. Chignard Unité de Défense Innée et
Inflammation - Inserm U874 Institut Pasteur -
Paris France
2Immunité innée et adaptative
3Cellules de limmunité innée
Destruction du pathogène
- Cellules résidentes
- Macrophages
- Cellules dendritiques
- Cellules épithéliales
- Mastocytes
- Cellules recrutées
- Polynucléaires neutrophiles
- Monocytes
- Natural killers
- Eosinophiles
- Cellules T gd
Médiateurs
4Lappareil respiratoire
- Respiration (15.000 litres dair/24h)
Voies aériennes inférieures quasiment stériles
5Mechanisms of innate defense in the lung
- ? Physical factors
- - Cough and mucociliary
- clearance
- ? Biochemical factors
- -Defensins, IgA, lysozyme,
- Surfactant proteins (SP-A,..)
- -Proteinases, anti-proteinases
- -sPLA2
- ? Cellular factors
- -Alveolar macrophages
- PMN, dendritic cells, NK cells,
- Epithelial cells
sterile
6Détection et immunité innée
Comment les cellules détectent-elles des
pathogènes aussi différents que - des
bactéries - des champignons - des virus -
des parasites
7Limmunité innée dépend de
8Limmunité innée dépend de
9Mechanisms of innate defense in the lung
TLR Toll-like receptors
BRONCHUS
Macrophage
Epithelial cells
ALVEOLUS
10Toll-like receptors (TLR)
ssRNA
PAMP
1
6
TLR10
CD14
(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
11Toll-like receptors (TLR)
ssRNA
PAMP
1
6
TLR10
CD14
(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
12Cell signaling associated to TLR
Yamamoto et al., Mol Immunol, 40861, 2004
13Age-specific prevalence of airway infections in CF
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus
Gibson et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med
168918-951, 2003.
14Toll-like receptors (TLR)
S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Gram
Gram-
ssRNA (human)
Profilin-like
1
6
TLR11 (mouse only)
TLR8
CD14
(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
15Survival in TLR2-deficient mice infected by
Staphylococcus aureus
A Gram-positive bacteria (i.v. injections of 107
CFU)
Takeuchi et al., J Immunol. 1655392, 2000
16TLRs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ramphal et al., J Immunol. 1753927, 2005 Ramphal
et al., J Immunol. 181586, 2008
17Survival of TLR4 and TLR2,4-deficient mice
infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A Gram-negative bacteria (107 bacteria/mouse)
WT
100
TLR4-/-
TLR2,4-/-
75
SURVIVAL ()
50
25
0
0
2
4
6
8
DAYS
18Survival of MyD88-deficient mice infected by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A Gram-negative bacteria (106 bacteria/mouse)
100
80
60
SURVIVAL ()
40
20
0
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
Hours
19PAMPs and TLRs involvement in mice infected by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
20In vivo detection of bioluminescent Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
21Conclusion
P. aeruginosa
LPS
Flagellin
TLR4
TLR5
MyD88
Host response
Bacterial eradication
22Infection and inflammation of the lung
23- Cytokines
- -TNF-?
- -IL-1?
- -IL-4
- -IL-5
- -IL-6
- -
- Molécules dadhésion
- -ICAM-1
- -VCAM-1
- -E-selectin
- -
- Facteurs de croissance
- -G-CSF
- -GM-CSF
- Chimiokines
- -MIP-1?
- -MIP-2
- -IL-8
- -RANTES
- -.
- Enzymes
- -Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
- -Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
- -Matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9)
Leurs synthèses sont supprimées par les
anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens
24A double-edged sword
Host
25A double-edged sword
26TLR distribution in airway epithelial cells
27TLR5 mRNA in CF airway epithelial cells
Blohmke et al., J Immunol, 180 7764-7773, 2008
28Activation of airway epithelial cells by flagellin
Blohmke et al., J Immunol, 180 7764-7773, 2008
29LPS but no flagellin
LPS and flagellin
LPS and flagellin
30A double-edged sword
31Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets in
cystic fibrosis Greene et al., Expert Opin.
Ter. Targets (2008) 121-15
32The full pathway
- Elastase - ROS
- Cytokines
- - Chemokines
- - Lipids
- M? - Epit. C
- TLR
- Infection - cftr
- PMN
Medzhitov, Nature 454428-435, 2008
33Acknowledgements
- Defense Innée et Inflammation / Inserm U874
- Viviane Balloy
- Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Lhousseine Touqui
- Collaborations
- Reuben Ramphal (University of Florida - USA)
- Shizuo Akira (University of Osaka - Japon)
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