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Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

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Title: Innate vs Adaptive Immunity


1
Immunité innée et mucoviscidose
M. Chignard Unité de Défense Innée et
Inflammation - Inserm U874 Institut Pasteur -
Paris France
2
Immunité innée et adaptative
  • Immunité adaptative
  • Immunité innée

3
Cellules de limmunité innée
Destruction du pathogène
  • Cellules résidentes
  • Macrophages
  • Cellules dendritiques
  • Cellules épithéliales
  • Mastocytes
  • Cellules recrutées
  • Polynucléaires neutrophiles
  • Monocytes
  • Natural killers
  • Eosinophiles
  • Cellules T gd

Médiateurs
4
Lappareil respiratoire
  • Respiration (15.000 litres dair/24h)

Voies aériennes inférieures quasiment stériles
5
Mechanisms of innate defense in the lung
  • ? Physical factors
  • - Cough and mucociliary
  • clearance
  • ? Biochemical factors
  • -Defensins, IgA, lysozyme,
  • Surfactant proteins (SP-A,..)
  • -Proteinases, anti-proteinases
  • -sPLA2
  • ? Cellular factors
  • -Alveolar macrophages
  • PMN, dendritic cells, NK cells,
  • Epithelial cells

sterile
6
Détection et immunité innée
Comment les cellules détectent-elles des
pathogènes aussi différents que - des
bactéries - des champignons - des virus -
des parasites
7
Limmunité innée dépend de
8
Limmunité innée dépend de
9
Mechanisms of innate defense in the lung
TLR Toll-like receptors
BRONCHUS
Macrophage
Epithelial cells
ALVEOLUS
10
Toll-like receptors (TLR)
ssRNA
PAMP
1
6
TLR10
CD14

(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
11
Toll-like receptors (TLR)
ssRNA
PAMP
1
6
TLR10
CD14

(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
12
Cell signaling associated to TLR
Yamamoto et al., Mol Immunol, 40861, 2004
13
Age-specific prevalence of airway infections in CF
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus
Gibson et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med
168918-951, 2003.
14
Toll-like receptors (TLR)
S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Gram
Gram-
ssRNA (human)
Profilin-like
1
6
TLR11 (mouse only)
TLR8
CD14
(adapted from Akira et al., 2003)
15
Survival in TLR2-deficient mice infected by
Staphylococcus aureus
A Gram-positive bacteria (i.v. injections of 107
CFU)
Takeuchi et al., J Immunol. 1655392, 2000
16
TLRs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ramphal et al., J Immunol. 1753927, 2005 Ramphal
et al., J Immunol. 181586, 2008
17
Survival of TLR4 and TLR2,4-deficient mice
infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A Gram-negative bacteria (107 bacteria/mouse)
WT
100
TLR4-/-
TLR2,4-/-
75
SURVIVAL ()
50
25
0
0
2
4
6
8
DAYS
18
Survival of MyD88-deficient mice infected by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A Gram-negative bacteria (106 bacteria/mouse)
100
80
60
SURVIVAL ()
40
20
0
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
Hours
19
PAMPs and TLRs involvement in mice infected by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
20
In vivo detection of bioluminescent Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
21
Conclusion
P. aeruginosa
LPS
Flagellin
TLR4
TLR5
MyD88
Host response
Bacterial eradication
22
Infection and inflammation of the lung
23
  • Cytokines
  • -TNF-?
  • -IL-1?
  • -IL-4
  • -IL-5
  • -IL-6
  • -
  • Molécules dadhésion
  • -ICAM-1
  • -VCAM-1
  • -E-selectin
  • -
  • Facteurs de croissance
  • -G-CSF
  • -GM-CSF
  • Chimiokines
  • -MIP-1?
  • -MIP-2
  • -IL-8
  • -RANTES
  • -.
  • Enzymes
  • -Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
  • -Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
  • -Matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9)

Leurs synthèses sont supprimées par les
anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens
24
A double-edged sword
Host
25
A double-edged sword
26
TLR distribution in airway epithelial cells
27
TLR5 mRNA in CF airway epithelial cells
Blohmke et al., J Immunol, 180 7764-7773, 2008
28
Activation of airway epithelial cells by flagellin
Blohmke et al., J Immunol, 180 7764-7773, 2008
29
LPS but no flagellin
LPS and flagellin
LPS and flagellin
30
A double-edged sword
31
Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets in
cystic fibrosis Greene et al., Expert Opin.
Ter. Targets (2008) 121-15
32
The full pathway
- Elastase - ROS
  • Cytokines
  • - Chemokines
  • - Lipids

- M? - Epit. C
- TLR
- Infection - cftr
- PMN
Medzhitov, Nature 454428-435, 2008
33
Acknowledgements
  • Defense Innée et Inflammation / Inserm U874
  • Viviane Balloy
  • Jean-Michel Sallenave
  • Mustapha Si-Tahar
  • Lhousseine Touqui
  • Collaborations
  • Reuben Ramphal (University of Florida - USA)
  • Shizuo Akira (University of Osaka - Japon)

34
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