Construction Materials and Workmanship

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Construction Materials and Workmanship
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• All workmanship, materials, equipment, and
  articles incorporated into the work are to be of
  the best available grade in the local trade area
• Materials must be free of defects or
  imperfections
• Workmanship is hard to quantify but should be
  best available.

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• Request for substitution of materials
• Contractor must give adequate notice of
  substitution intention
• A/E needs time to look at substituted material to
  see if it is ok
• Only allow requests during design phase and
  construction phase, not during bid phase
• RPR must reject any material that isnt in the
  specifications or has not been approved by A/E

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• Inspection of Materials delivered to site
• RPR must inspect all materials before they are
  used
• For some items RPR may do inspection at
  fabrication plant precast concrete, steel eams
• Precast concrete may sit for months in yard
  before delivery to site
• Not inspecting could hold up job for months

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• Rejection of faulty material
• RPR must reject faulty materials
• Mark materials with an indelible marker and tag
  them for removal
• Want to make sure marks are visible to inspector
  if used in work and thatthey cannot be rubbed off
  
• All faulty material should be placed in a
  separate area and removed the same day
• Written notice to contractor of rejection

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• Equipment
• Contractor responsible to have right equipment on
  site.
• RPR can request changes IF it can be established
  that item can not do job
• Tells contractor that equipment is unsatisfactory
• RPR can also halt work for safety issues
  (overloaded crane)

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• Quality Assurance
• Testing
• Installation according to Manufacturers
  instructions Gillette House used roofing
  instructions on shingles
• Experience Qualification
• Prevents fly by night firms to get bid
• Used for work that requires specialization

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• Factory Inspection
• Matching Samples on Display during Bidding
• Sample shows bidders what is expected
• Used for concrete finishes, stone, cabinetry
• Samples go with RPR to job site for comparison
  during inspections

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• Proven Successful Use
• Contractor must prove that items have been in use
  in a similar project for a specified time period.
• Elevators, pumps, electrical equip things that
  need to have a long reliable life
• Qualified Products List
• Procurement of certain items must be from a list
  of pre-approved items
• Possibility of less competition
• Need up to date list
• Contractor may try to issue a disclaimer for
  those products

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• Certified Lab Reports
• Contractor pays for tests and gets a certified
  report. Report gives method of testing, min level
  of performance, id of product
• Concrete reinforced steel
• Steel
• Fire spread ratings on material
• Masonry units
• Certificate of Compliance or Conformance
• Product complies with a specified reference
  standard
• Glass, Paint, Wood

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• Ownership of Materials
• Contractor owns all materials until final
  acceptance of the work
• Delivery and Storage of materials
• Contractor needs to find space
• Owner may or may not have space
• If contractor rents space RPR must see agreement

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• Handling materials
• RPR must oversee delivery, storage, and
  installation of materials
• How is material off loaded
• How is it stored
• How does it get to its final placement

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Changes and Extra Work

• Change order is a written agreement to modify,
  add to, or otherwise alter the work from the
  project in the contract
• Alterations must be within scope of contract
• Standard practice for owners to make changes in
  project after contract signed
• May have a change order to correct error in the
  plans

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• Changes in the Work
• Impact Costs
• Indirect costs, increased costs after order
  signed
• Owner should add an addenda to change order
  saying that price includes all charges for direct
  and indirect costs arising from the work

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• Oral Change orders
• Risky
• Are legally binding
• No written backup to fight claims
• Should be followed by a letter which formalizes
  the change order

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• Bilateral Change Orders
• Contract addendum
• Contractor and owner agree to work
• Unilateral Change Order
• Intended to expedite issuance of change order to
  perform emergency or protested work
• Must be followed by a written bilateral change
  order before payment

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Basic Principles

• 1. No work beyond scope of base contracts
  especially on public works
• 2. Who is authorized to request and approve
  change orders
• 3. Meet during preconstruction to discuss how to
  handle change orders
• 4. All changes must be authorized in writing
  before execution of a change

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• 5. Scope of change order must be clear request
  must be clear enough for contractor to give a
  good estimate
• 6. Contractors proposal for change order must be
  ASAP as should owners approval or rejection
• 7. Proposal should be fair to both parties
• Contractor should include overhead and profit

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• Creates extra work for everybody
• Emergency work
• RPR can do an Initiator Change Order Request if
  authorized by owner
• Must follow up with a written change order
• Protects owner and contractor

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