Meeting the Challenges of the New Millennium:

1
GESA
GE Substation Automation for the world
2
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay control
• WAN
• SCADA

3
Protective Relay

• Requirements
• Most up to date CPUs yet expect 20 to 30 year
  MTBF.
• Built in programmable controller functionality
• High speed relay to relay data communication
• Expandable
• I/O
• Multiple CT and VT Modules with the ability to
  calculate virtual sources
• Solution
• Modularity

Introduction
4
Protective Relay

• Requirements
• Reusable code to reduced development time
• Reduce training requirements family of
  protective relays with same touch and feel and
  common feel and common hardware components
• Solution
• Design must be based on a Platform

Protective Relay
5
Relay to Relay Communications
Primary
Back-up

• High speed relay to relay service part of a
  protocol suite optimized for Utility
  applications
• Redundant Star fiber configuration
• elimination of single point failures
• Readily available proven LAN components
• Open Architecture

Introduction
6
Local / Bay Control
Local/Bay control

• High speed HMI service part of a protocol suit
  optimized for Utility applications.
• Standard naming convention
• Direct connection to high speed substation LAN.
• User configurable graphics display.
• Primary graphic, control and monitoring
  functions

Introduction
7
WAN Requirements
Substation 1
Redundant fiber WAN
Substation 2
Substation 3
Substation 4
Introduction
8
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - SCADA
Information not Data

• Enterprise
• Budget accurately
• Asses cost of service
• Allocate capacity
• Faster service response
• Operations
• Remote status and control
• Analyze power quality
• Identify events
• Receive fault records
• Target Maintenance
• Loading trends

Introduction
9
Data Communications Hierarchy
Introduction
10
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay control
• WAN
• SCADA

11
The Universal Relay Family

• The engine for substation automation

Protective Relay
12
The Challenges of the Universal Relay
Performance
UniversalRelay
Busbar
Transmission Line
Generator
Transformer
Feeder
Cost ()
Feeder
Line
Transformer
Generator
Busbar
Control
PowerQuality
Application Software
Protective Relay
13
Universal Relay Architecture - Modularity
High-Speed Data Bus
Six BasicModules
Power Supply
Protective Relay
14
Physical Realization
High-Speed Data Bus
Power Supply
CPU Main Processor
Protective Relay
15
Modularity...
Power Supply
CPU
Power Supply
CPU Main Processor

• Wide input range
• 24 - 300 VDC
• 20 - 265 VAC
• High Efficiency SMPS
• gt 80

• High-speed 32-Bit RISC CPU
• gt 50 MIPS, up to 120 MIPS
• FLASH memory
• Easy firmware upgrades
• High-Speed Comms support
• 10/100Mbps Ethernet LAN
• Redundant Fiber

• Modular CT/VT configurations
• up to 8 CT/VTs
• High-speed digital sampling
• gt16 Bit A/D
• gt 64 samples / power cycle
• High-speed 16-Bit DSP
• gt 32 MIPS, up to 80 MIPS

Protective Relay
16
Modularity...

• Control outputs
• Solid State
• Electromechanical - multiple types
• Fast activation speeds (lt 4ms)
• Status inputs
• Dry and Wet contacts
• 18 - 300 VDC
• Fast detection speeds (lt 4ms)

• Transducer type inputs
• dcmA
• Voltage
• Resistive
• Outputs for Legacy SCADA
• dcmA
• Support multiple I/O configurations

• High-speed Serial
• Asynchronous (9600 - 115K Baud)
• Synchronous (56K - 256K Bps)
• Fiber Optical (Single/Multimode)
• Channel Redundancy

Protective Relay
17
Inter-Module Communications
High-Speed Parallel Data Bus 80 - 100 Mbytes/sec
High-Speed Serial Communications Bus 10Mbps
High-Speed Inter-Processor Serial Data Bus
16Mbps

• Multiple buses allow for high-performance
• Protection and communications without bottlenecks

Protective Relay
18
Scalability
Protective Relay
19
Box Capacity
24 (max) 8/module
96 (max) 16/module
48 (max) 8/module
48 (max) 8/module
Protective Relay
20
Configuration/Flexibility
Protective Relay
21
Sub-Module Types
CT, VT
Optical, Digital
Form-A Form-C Solid-State Wet/Dry Input
Customer - ??
?1mA, 4-20mA, 0-5mA RTD (Pt, Ni, Cu) ?5V,
Resistive
Customer - ??
Protective Relay
22
Upgradeability/Serviceability
Plug n Play
Module Keying
CT Shorting Clips
Protective Relay
23
The UR Family
The UR Family - One Common Architecture

• L60 (Transmission Line Phase Comparison)
• L90 (Transmission Line Current Differential)
• D60 (Transmission Line Distance)

• F3x (Feeder Multiple Feeders - Basic
  Protection)
• F60 (Feeder Comprehensive w Hi-Z)
• T60 (Transformer Comprehensive)
• C30 (Control IED)
• C60 (Breaker Management IED)

• URPC (Entry Level HMI, Engineering Tool)
• PMCS (Full Featured Systems HMI)

(Available in 2000)

• G60 (Generator Comprehensive gt 100MVA)
• B30 (Busbar Basic 6 Feeder )
• B90 (Busbar Comprehensive up to 30 Feeders)

Protective Relay
24
The UR Family

• FEATURES
• FlexLogic
• Distributed FlexLogic
• Virtual I/O (reduce hardware cost)
• Expandable I/O
• Flash monory for field upgrades
• Drawout modules for serviceability
• Common modules (reduce spares cost)
• Test mode for forcing contact I/O states
• IRiG-B time synchronization

Protective Relay
25
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay control
• WAN
• SCADA

26
UR FlexLogic Engine
Protective Relay
27
Introduction to Flexlogic
Pickup
AND
Operate
Forward
Remote Forward
AND
Assign Virtual
Protective Relay
28
Introduction to Flexlogic
Protection Element
Function Inputs
Function Outputs
Enable
Pickup
Source
Operate
Block
Drop Out
Protective Relay
29
Introduction to FLEX Logic
Protective Relay
30
Truth Tables
IN1
NAND
OUT
IN2
IN1
OR
OUT
IN2
Protective Relay
31
Truth Tables
IN1
XOR
OUT
IN2
IN1
NOT
OUT
Protective Relay
32
Timers
Timer
Pickup
Drop out
Pickup Time
Drop out Time
Protective Relay
33
Counters
Protective Relay
34
Counters
Protective Relay
35
FlexLogic Demonstration
FlexLogic Demonstration
Protective Relay
36
FlexLogic Navigation
Protective Relay
37
FlexLogic Navigation
Protective Relay
38
Contact Outputs
Protective Relay
39
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay control
• WAN
• SCADA

40
Nomenclature
LAN Local area network WAN Wide Area
Network
Relay to Relay Com
41
Nomenclature

• Protocol A common set of rules to govern the
  exchange of data between nodes on a
  network.
• It determines
• Initialization of data link
• Services that are supported
• flow control
• Frame format and sync
• error control

42
Communication Protocols and Standards
Messaging Services

• Provides Common Services for communicating
  information
• including notification of delivery or
  non-delivery of a message
• and the reason why not

• Types of services
• -Initiate Communications
• -Identify
• -Define Data
• -Write Data
• -Program Invocation
• -Etc.

• Existing Standards FMS, MMS, DNP, IEC

Data Communication Hierarchy
43
Communication Protocols and Standards

• Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS)
• Internationally standardized messaging protocol
  for real time exchange
• of data and supervisory and control information
  between networked
• devices.
• ISO 9506 standard
• Independents from the application function being
  performed
• Independents from the developer of the device or
  application
• Generic to be appropriate for a wide variety of
  devices and applications
• PLC
• Robot
• Protective relay
• Based on the OSI model

MMS services and messages are identical
44
Communication Protocols and Standards
MMS Service Specification

• Defines a set of objects that can
• exist within a device.

• Defines a set of communication
• services to access and manipulate
• those objects.

• Defines the behavior of the device to those
  communication services.

Data Communication Hierarchy
45
Communication Protocols and Standards
MMS Services

• Get Object
• Change Object
• Determine Attributes
• Create Object
• Delete Object

Data Communication Hierarchy
46
Basic Communication Relationships

• Peer to Peer
• Client / Server
• Publisher/ Subscriber

• Master / Slave
• Request / Response
• Response Only

Relay to Relay Com
47
LAN Topology Token RING
Relay to Relay Com
48
LAN Topology STAR
Relay to Relay Com
49
Architecture Token Bus

• TOKEN to gain access to LAN

50
LAN Access Token
51
LAN Access CSMA/CA
0
1
1
Crash
0
0
1

• CSMA / CA
• Carrier science multiple access with crash
  detection

Relay to Relay Com
52
Communications OSI Model
Data Communication Hierarchy
53
Communications OSI Model
AP DATA
MMS
MODBUS
Data Communication Hierarchy
54
Communications OSI Model
MMS
MODBUS
Data Communication Hierarchy
55
Utility Communication Architecture (UCA) and
Substation Automation
Relay to Relay Com
56
UCA 2.0
Utility Communications Architecture Version 2

• Objective
• Establish a suite of protocols to meet utility
  communications needs

Relay to Relay Com
57
Participating UCA Vendors

• GE Power Management
• Basler
• Cooper
• Beckwith
• Tasnet
• SEL
• GE Harris

• Siemens (HMI)
• LG
• Doble
• Dranetz / BMI
• Modicon / Square D
• ABB
• Alston

Relay to Relay Com
58
Utilities Participating in UCA

• Enetergy
• TVA
• Duke
• Boston Edison
• Union Electric
• Florida Power Corp
• Southern California Electric
• Wisconsin Electric
• ESKOM
• Polish Power Grid

• American Electric Power (AEP)
• Indianapolis Power Light
• Ontario Hydro
• Northern States Power
• Tampa Electric
• ComEd
• Cinergy
• Baltimore Gas Electric
• GPU
• Nuon

Relay to Relay Com
59
UCA 2.0 Defining Documents
UCA 2.0 is defined by a set of Documents

• Introduction
• Communication Profiles
• - TCP/IP
• - OSI
• - Serial
• CASM
• Common Application Service Models
• How MMS Services are used (MMS
  Manufacturing Message Specification)
• GOMSFE
• Generic Object Models for Substation and
  Feeder Equipment

Relay to Relay Com
60
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
UCA Features

• Client/Server Multiple Connections
• Common Data Objects that can be extended by
  each vendor
• File Services
• Time Sync
• Reporting
• GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation
  Event)
• Peer to Peer Communication (Remote I/O is a
  cast message)

Data Communication Hierarchy
61
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
7-LAYER UCA MODEL
MMS 1988
FTAM
VT
CMIP
MMS
DS
MHS 1984
ROSE
RTSE
ACSE
Connection-orientated Presentation
Connection-orientated Session
Connection-orientated Transport
0
4
Connectionless Network
ISDN Q.931
ES - IS Routing
X.25 Packet Layer
1
LLC
ISDN LAPD
HDLCLAPB
CSMA/ CD (8802/3)
Token Bus (8802/4)
Token Ring (8802/5)
FDDI
ISDN Interfaces
EIA - 232-D
V.35
X.21
Data Communication Hierarchy
62
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
UCA Data Access (Name - based)
Data Object Class
Functional Component
Data Item
Attributes r/w m/o
ST SG
IOC
Pu PuDelTim DoDelTim
CO CF DC
To access the Phases IOC 1 Pickup Read
PhsIOC1.SG.Pu
Data Communication Hierarchy
63
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
GOMSFE
Generic Object Models for Substation and Feeder
Equipment
Models defined for Protection Elements - P
IOC - PTOC - PDIS - RSYN - etc.
Metering - PXMU Generic Analog/Digital I/O
etc.
Data Communication Hierarchy
64
UCA 2.0 GOOSE MESSAGE
Blocking Message (GOOSE)
Trip Message (GOOSE)
RELAY 2
RELAY 3
RELAY 1


Breaker Trip Output
External Trip Delay
Input delay (4ms at present) Tx/Rx and
processing (Typically lt 4ms at present) Output
delay (0.6 ms for Fast Form C) 8.6 ms
Relay to Relay Com
65
UR Communications Profiles
Modbus/TCP/IP/Ethernet
UCA 2.0 (MMS/Ethernet)
MMS
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
MMS, ModBus
RFC1006 - Presentation
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
NOT Implemented/Required
SESSION
SESSION
RFC1006 - Session
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
TP4
TCP/ IP, UDP
NETWORK
NETWORK
CLNP
DATA LINK
DATA LINK
IEEE 802.2 (CSMA/CD)
IEEE 802.2 (CSMA/CD)
Ethernet
Ethernet
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
IEEE 802.3 (10BaseFL)
IEEE 802.3 (10BaseFL)
Modbus/UART/(RS485, RS232, Fiber)
Telecom DS0 (64kbps), T1, E1
APPLICATION
Proprietary, ModBus,
APPLICATION
ModBus
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
SESSION
SESSION
NOT Implemented/Required
NOT Implemented/Required
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
NETWORK
DATA LINK
HDLC
DATA LINK
UART - 8 Bits, 1 Stop Bit, No Parity
PHYSICAL
RS422, G.703, Fiber
PHYSICAL
RS232, RS485, Fiber
Data Communication Hierarchy
66
Goose Message Demonstration
Goose Message Demonstration
Relay to Relay Com
67
Redundant 10 Base F Bay LAN Topology
Fiber switches
Relay to Relay Com
68
Remote I/O lab
FlexLogic Relay 1
Remote output
Virtual output
Relay 2
Remote Input
ALARM Light
Remote input Status Table
Relay to Relay Com
69
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay Control
• WAN
• SCADA

70
Universal Relay Human Machine Interface - HMI

• HMI Demonstration
• Static Text and Graphics
• Importing bit maps
• Change screens
• Analog signal monitoring
• Push buttons
• Lamps

HMI
HMI
71
Introduction
HMI
72
Static text and graphics
HMI
73
Static text and graphics
HMI
74
Static text and graphics
HMI
75
Importing bit maps
HMI
76
Importing bit maps
HMI
77
Importing bit maps
HMI
78
Change Screens
HMI
79
Change Screens
HMI
80
Change Screens
HMI
81
Change Screens
HMI
82
Change Screens
HMI
83
Inserting a Relay
HMI
84
Inserting a Relay
HMI
85
Analog Signal Monitor
HMI
86
Analog Signal Monitor
HMI
87
Analog Signal Monitor
HMI
88
Analog Signal Monitor
HMI
89
Standard Push buttons
HMI
90
Standard Push buttons
HMI
91
Standard Push buttons
HMI
92
Standard Lamps
HMI
93
Standard Lamps
HMI
94
Standard Lamps
HMI
95
Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
96
Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
97
Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
98
QuickPanel jr
QuickPanel jr - Low Cost HMI
Modbus/RS485

• Control multiple devices Modbus Master via RS485

• Graphical user interface single-line, metering,
  alarms

• Touch Screen alarms control buttons

HMI
HMI
99
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay Control
• WAN
• SCADA

100
The UCA Substation
10Mbps Dual Ethernet Fiber switch
Slower Legacy Devices use Gateway
Interoperable IEDs

• Access to
• Enterprise
• Internet

Data Communication Hierarchy
101
Inter Substation Communications
FSC (Fiber Optic System Communications)

• SONET Technology 51/155 Mbps
• Ethernet LAN Bridging capability
• Creates single Ethernet WAN
• Redundant channels ensure reliability

Data Communication Hierarchy
102
UR UCA Internet New Possibilities

• Remote monitoring and diagnostics
• Power Quality monitoring
• Equipment Health (Breaker, Transformer)
  monitoring
• Fault Analysis - data retrieval
• Events and Alarm annunciation

Internet
The IEDs (Relays) are a socket for providing
information and services.
Data Communication Hierarchy
103
Internet Communications NOW!
Test a UR F60 Feeder Management Relay over the
Internet

• View/Retrieve
• Metering
• Events
• Oscillography

Data Communication Hierarchy
104
Agenda

• Substation Automation
• Requirements
• Protective relay hardware
• Protective relay logic engine
• Relay to relay data communication
• Local/Bay Control
• WAN
• SCADA

105
GESA 2000
SCADA
106

• GE Substation Automation System Solutions
• Providing innovative product and service
  solutions for markets and customers worldwide.

SCADA
107
Substation Automation System Solutions
W h y G E

• Power system consulting
• Application design
• Project management
• Integration services
• Startup and comissioning
• Project financing
• Asset maintenance
• Remote diagnostics

• A Complete System Solution Supplier
• Global Focus With Engineering And Field
  Support
• Experience Over A Broad Range Of Industries
• A corporate commitment to six sigma quality
• Financial Strength

Dedicated to bringing the best Automation
solutions to our customers
SCADA
108
GESA - A System Solution that Delivers
Productivity
Translating data into information at the users
fingertips
SCADA
109
The Challenge Putting Information to Work
Enterprise
Operations

• Fine-tune planning
• Streamline settlements
• Budget accurately
• Asses cost of service
• Allocate capacity
• Faster service response

• Remote status control
• Analyze power quality
• Identify events, SOE
• Receive fault records
• Target maintenance
• Monitor loading trends

On-Line Information Your key competitive
advantage
SCADA
110
GESA 2000 The competitive solution

• Sub-second response for Ethernet connected
  devices

• Dual master redundancy with automatic
  system control transfer

• Automatic interleaving of events and
  metering values

• Ethernet substation UCA 2.0 LAN Peer to
  peer communications

• Remote view nodes and web browser
  compatible HMI Interface

• Automatic oscillography upload

• Object oriented system tools for reliable,
  low cost reconfiguration

• Real-time system status and control
  execution

Maximize your Competitive Edge
SCADA
111
GESA 2000
Three powerful dimensions to a complete
Substation Automation Solution

• Proven, off the shelf components that
  integratetodays IEDs
• Ethernet for data transport in the substation and
  to remote sites
• Pre-engineered software, application tools and
  device interfaces

SCADA
112
Built Upon a New Generation Substation
Architecture
Training/ Testing
Level 2 - Integration Host User
Power Analysis Tools
Operational Efficiency/ Reliability
Event Logger
Configuration Tools
OPC/ DDE/ CORBA
HTML Graphics
UCA - MMS Server
Legacy Server
SCADA Protocols
Interface to Corporate WAN/ LAN
Redundant Substation Ethernet LAN
Level 1 - IEDs
Redundant Substation Ethernet LAN
Monitoring
Protection Control
Interoperability
Interoperability
Open System Solution -- Relays, Software,
Communications, Networking
SCADA
113
GESA 2000

• Smart Screen Wizards
• One Line Diagrams
• Event Logger
• IED Faceplate
• IED Tabular Values
• Annunciator Panel
• Alarm List with Sorting Feature
• Trending

Integration Productivity and Reliability
SCADA
114
GESA 2000 Sequence of Event Log
Monitors and records all system event
characteristics

• Time stamped to nearest milli-second
• Synchronizable to GPS via IRIG-B
• Automatic retrieval from IED to Host
• Storage on host disk
• Automatically forward to operations PC
• Data sort capability included
• Standard filters
• Time
• Device Type
• Alarm Condition
• Custom filters per your needs

SCADA
115
Alarm Annunciator Panel

• Configurable alarm conditions
• Any present value can drive an alarm
• Set range of operation

• Failure Alarms
• Equipment generated
• System generated
• Grouped per IED

• Remote Communication of Critical Alarms

SCADA
116
Oscillography/Fault Reporting

• Automatic upload from IEDs via
• your Wide Area Network
• Comtrade format for file storage
• Remote file access
• Full feature viewer with analysis tools

SCADA
117
Integrated Solutions to help you succeed

• Interoperability
• Peer to peer communications
• Reliability of software objects and modules
• Modularity of hardware modules and
  components
• Dynamic reconfiguration
• Real-time state analysis and operation

SCADA
118
W o r l d w i d e Experience
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION INSTALATIONS AROUND THE
WORLD
North AmericaConEdPSEG PECO Salt
River Europe AfricaERZ
South AmericaElectroperuIneparElectronorteEDEN
ORRio LightFurnas
Asia PacificAliu ZhouZhe ZhangGuang Xi
SCADA
119
Critical to Quality Metrics
What our Customers RequireThat GE is Committed
to Deliver

• Access to system application experts --
  before, during and after a sale

• Open architecture solutions, built on
  industry standards - future upgrade path

• Thorough specification of the system to be
  delivered - fully understood by the user

• Deliver and commission on schedule within
  budget - supplier and customer

• Effective operator training - establishing
  basic user competency

• Return on investment - work together to obtain
  the expected benefits

C u s t o m e r F o c u s e d
SCADA
120
Ordering On-line
SCADA