Ch 2 Notes

1
Ch 2 Notes

• EarthThe Water Planet

2
What is the structure of water?

• Water is a compound that contains two ____ atoms
  () and one ____ atom (-). Due to the electrical
  charges water is known as a _____ _______ .
  Chemical formula is H2O.
• Looks like Mickey Mouse.

3
What are waters key properties?

• _____ _____waters ability to cling to
  substances around it.
• Surface tensionwaters ability to form bubbles
  (penny lab).
• Universal solventwaters ability to ______ most
  substances.
• Specific heat the amount of energy needed to
  change the ______ one degree. (ocean is cool on
  hot summer days)

4
What happens when water changes states of matter?
5
What is buoyancy?

• _____ force placed by water on any object in the
  water. This force is what allows large steel
  ships and boats to float. The force up must be
  _____ than the pull of gravity down for the
  object to float.
• The ______ the surface area the more buoyant
  force acting on the object.

6
What is density?

• Density is the mass of an object divided by that
  objects _______.
• Dm/v.
• Units for density are (g/mL or g/cm3)
• Density and buoyant force are the two items that
  determine if an object _____.
• If an objects density is less than waters
  (1.0g/mL or 1.0 g/cm3) the object _____ greater
  than it _____.

7
How is water distributed on Earth?

• Water is broken into two major categories
• _____ water comprising 97 of all water on Earth
  (oceans, seas, bays, etc)
• ______ water comprising 3 of all water on Earth
  (rivers, lakes, ice, underground, and etc). Of
  the fresh water 76 of all fresh water is in the
  form of ice.

8
What is the water cycle?

• cycle that moves water from the surface of the
  Earth up to the atmosphere and back down to the
  Earth again.
• Includes the following processes _________,
  ____________, and __________.

9
Water Cycle Diagram
10
What are river systems?

• A ______ and all of its ______ make up a river
  system.
• Parts of a river system
• ________-curve or bend in a river
• Oxbow lake-a meander cutoff from a river
• ______-where river enters a new body of water
• Headwaters-many small streams that come together
  to form the river (usually in mountains)
• _______-broad flat valley through which river
  flows, usually floods in heavy rains.

11
What are wetlands?

• Wetlands are where water becomes trapped in low
  lying areas and the _________ comes to the
  surface.
• Wetlands help with _____ ______ and provide
  _________ for many species of animals and plants.
• Three types
• ____________
• ____________
• ____________

12
What is groundwater?

• water found underneath the surface of the Earth.
• It moves through pores (spaces) in the soil
  material. _______meaning water can move through
  it and __________meaning water cant move
  through it.
• If a layer of soil is filled with water it is
  called ________ and if it is not full it is
  ________. A large area of underground water is
  known as an ________.

13
Groundwater Picture

• Refer to picture on page 83 in your textbook.