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Part Introduction
This part will cover the worlds earliest
civilizations. These include the Egyptians in
North Africa, the Sumerians and Hebrews in the
Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, the Indus
civilization and Aryans in India, and the Shang
and Zhou dynasties of China.

• 1 Toward Civilizations (Prehistory-3000 B.C.)
• 2 First Civilizations Africa and Asia (3200
  B.C.-500 B.C.)
• 3 Early Civilizations in India and China (2500
  B.C.-256 B.C.)

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Humans began to stop relying on hunting and
gathering about 10,000 years ago. They started to
farm and to pen animals.
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The first city-states in North Africa, the Middle
East, India, and China all had certain
characteristics in common.

• They turned to hereditary monarchs for
  leadership.
• They created elaborate palaces, temples, and
  tombs and left behind beautiful sculptures and
  paintings, and some works of literature.
• Their religions grew more complex, and they made
  advances in science and technology.

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Toward Civilization Prehistory3000 B.C.
Early people were nomads who moved from place to
place in small bands of 20 to 30. When people
settled into farming villages, food surpluses led
to the rise of civilizations.
All early civilizations had central governments,
complex religions, job specialization, social
classes, arts and architecture, public works, and
writing.
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• These complex tasks required leadership. Over
  time, bureaucracies formed and grew.
• Priests developed early writing in the form of
  pictographs.
• As rulers of ancient cities became more powerful,
  they conquered neighboring territory to create
  empires.

The first governments arose to deal with flooding
and to channel water to fields.
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First Civilizations Africa and Asia (3200
B.C.500 B.C.)
A rich farming civilization grew in the Nile
River valley of Egypt 5000 years ago.

• King Menes united the Nile kingdoms in 3100 B.C.
• Pharaohs organized a strong central government.
  Society was organized into classes.
• Egypt interacted with other civilizations through
  trade and war and cultural diffusion occurred.

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North of Egypt, the city-states of Sumer appeared
in the Fertile Crescent. Sumerians built dikes,
irrigation ditches, and ziggurats. A social
hierarchy emerged and cuneiform writing was
invented.
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Civilizations in Mesopotamia continued to develop.

• Trade and war spread ideas such as the Phoenician
  alphabet and technologies such as ironworking.
• The early Hebrew people developed the
  monotheistic religion of Judaism and established
  the kingdom of Israel by 1000 B.C.

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Chinese civilization developed in isolation due
to barriers such as mountains and
deserts. Farming began in the Huang He valley.
The need to control the river led to the rise of
government.
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Chinese civilization grew.

• The Shang dynasty came to power in 1650 B.C. The
  Zhou overthrew them in 1027 B.C., beginning the
  dynastic cycle.
• During this time, the Chinese developed complex
  religious beliefs, created an accurate calendar,
  and made the first books.

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Hip Hop History Ancient India and China
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Part Review A Global View Early Civilizations
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