The Nervous System

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The Nervous System

• Unit 5

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Introduction

• The branch of medical science that deals with the
  normal functioning and disorders of the nervous
  system is called neurology.

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Structures/Anatomy

• The nervous system is made up of the following
  structures
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Nerves
• Ganglia (coordination in the body)
• Plexuses (regulate digestion)
• Receptors

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Functions/Physiology

• Three basic functions
• Sense sensing changes with sensory receptors
• fullness of stomach or sun on your face
• Integrate interpreting and remembering those
  changes
• Move reacting to those changes with effectors
• muscular contractions
• glandular secretions

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Parts of the Nervous System

• There are two main parts of the nervous system.
• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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CNS

• The central nervous system is made up of your
  brain and your spinal cord.
• Its job is to coordinate all of your bodys
  activities.

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PNS

• The peripheral nervous system is made up of all
  the nerves that carry messages to and from the
  CNS.
• It is separated into 2 divisions
• The Somatic Nervous System
• The Autonomic Nervous System

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PNS Somatic Nervous System

• The somatic nervous system relays information
  between your skin, the CNS, and your muscles.
• It is voluntary, which means you control it.
• This is how you move your body where you want it
  to go.

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PNS Autonomic Nervous System

• The autonomic nervous system controls your
  involuntary reactions.
• It is also divided into 2 parts
• Sympathetic Nervous System controls your
  internal functions during times of stress, fight
  or flight
• Parasympathetic Nervous System controls your
  internal functions during times of relaxation,
  rest and digest

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Neurons

• Neurons are the basic units of structure and
  function of the nervous system.
• They are also called nerve cells.

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Neurons

• Parts of a neuron
• Dendrites branchlike extensions of the neuron
  that receive impulses and carry them towards the
  cell body
• Axon an extension of the neuron that carries
  impulses away from the cell body and towards
  other neurons, muscles, or glands

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3 types of neurons

• There are three types of neurons
• 1. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the body
  to the spinal cord and brain
• 2. Interneurons are found within the brain and
  spinal cord and relay messages.
• 3. Motor neurons carry the response impulses away
  from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and
  glands

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Relaying an impulse

• 1. You are exposed to a stimulus.
• 2. Sensory neurons send the message to the brain.
• 3. Interneurons in the brain help translate the
  message.
• 4. Motor neurons send a message back to the
  muscles.
• 5. The muscles are activated and respond to the
  stimulus.

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Connections between neurons

• Neurons dont touch each other, there are gaps
  between them called synapses.
• Chemicals called neurotransmitters travel across
  the synapses to help neurons communicate.

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Neurotransmitters

• Serotonin contributes to feelings of well-being
  or happiness, not enough can cause depression
• Dopamine coordinates movement, not enough can be
  caused by Parkinsons disease
• Epinephrine regulates heartbeat, blood pressure,
  and the size or your airways, can be given to
  people having an allergic reaction

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Unit 5 Diseases and Disorders
Disease Cause Symptoms Susceptibility Treatment Prognosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Epilepsy
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Neuroblastoma
Rabies
Shingles
Polio
Raynauds Phenomenon
Parkinsons
Cerebral Palsy
Narcolepsy
Aging
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Unit 5 Project TheaterGroups of 1-4

• Create, memorize, and perform a 3-5 minute skit
  explaining a disease or disorder of the nervous
  system.
• You will turn in your script, along with a
  4-paragraph written component that includes
• The anatomy of the nervous system
• The physiology of the nervous system
• How the nervous system interacts with other body
  systems
• How the nervous system helps your body maintain
  homeostasis