Ethnic%20and%20Minority%20Health

1

• Group 4
• Ethnic and Minority Health

2

• Presents.

3
Developing an Awareness for Hispanic/Latino
Americans The Play A workshop on Cultural
Competency
4
Featuring.
5
Narrator aka Marcia
6
Communication and Family by Kathryn
7
Religion by Trisha
8
Culturally Acceptable Behaviors by Carla
9
Cultural Beliefs by Brittany
10
Health Resources by Whitney
11
Prologue
12
What is Culture?
13
What is Competence?
14
What is Cultural Competency?
15
Why is it important?
16
Statistics

• According to the 2000 U.S. census
• Hispanics/Latinos represent 13.3 of the U.S.
  population or 38.8 million individuals. It is the
  largest minority population in the United States.

17
Who is a Hispanic/Latino?

• Cuban
• Mexican
• Puerto Rican
• South or Central-American
• Other Spanish culture or origin

18
Cultural Traits

• Warm
• Affectionate
• Respectful

Passionate Family-oriented Religious
Private
19
Leading Health Disparities

• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Unintentional injuries

20
Scene I Communication and Family
21
Cultural Programming

• Communication with others
• -Differences Discomforts Discoveries

22
Importance of Communication Skills
-Patients become more active
participants. -Patients less likely to
switch providers. -Patients likely to
follow through with treatment plan.
-Patients less likely to sue.
23
Important Hispanic Terms
-La Familia -Respeto -Personalismo -Confianza
24
Rapport Building, Trust, and Diversity
- ConfianzaRapport Building - Formality
earlyelderly - Personal instruction -
Questions - Family planning
25
Does NOT build Rapport
- Friends, family, and children as
interpreters - Fluent Spanish? Usted, not tu -
Prolonged eye contact
26
21 Spanish speaking countries in the world where
people called Latino/Hispanic
Hispanic/Latino, Whats the difference?!
Homogeneous Values of Hispanics/Latinos in
relation to family. New
-present-time orientation Review
-extended family -interdependence of family
members -differentiation of sex roles
-unconditional respect for adults -deference
to authority
27
Communication Barriers
-economic -distrust -translators -speak same
language as patient or client -authoritarian
paternalistic -Curandero
28
Role of Religion
29
Religion

• Major role in health, illness, and daily life.
• Religion and Health care go hand-in-hand.
• Health is a gift from God and should not be taken
  for granted. 

30
Roman Catholicism

• Prominent religion in Hispanics
• Candles
• Each saint has a specialized and general function
• Mandatory baptism
• Changes occurring in the
• church
• Source of hope and strength

31
Folk Religion Cuarandero

• Aztec, Spanish, spiritualistic, homeopathic, and
  scientific elements. 
• Holistic healer
• Social, physical, and psychological
• Herbs, aromas, and rituals
• Used is other methods of health care fail
• Diminishing

32
Folk-Spiritual Treatment

• Folk Saints
• Ex. Don Pedrito Jaramillo or El Niño Fidencio
• Spirit channeling
• New age alternative practice
• Spiritual healing
• Herbal treatments

33
Example of Folk-Belief

• A home health nurse, received an angry call from
  a Mexican American woman after visiting her house
  the day before. Her infant had been crying and
  feverish the next morning and the woman recalled
  the nurse had remarked the child was adorable.
  The nurse's compliment and the fact that she had
  not touched the child, led her to concluded that
  the nurse had given him the evil eye or "mal de
  ojo"  

34
Implications

• Churches can be gateway to health resources.
• Religion is a vital component in health care
• Respect and incorporate religion into treatment.
• Speak to priests and
• conduct research on folk
• practices

35
4-Step Approach

• 1. Explain you are aware of folk-illnesses.
• 2. Ask whether the parent or patient has ever
  heard of it and have them explain it to you.
• 3. Ask whether the patient has the folk illness
  now
• 4. Ask what treatment the patient is receiving
  for the condition.

36
A culturally competent Health Professional

• Open-minded and non-judgmental
• Try to identify beliefs
• Suggest alternatives to harmful home remedies
• Explain the etiology and treatment rationale for
  a particular biomedical condition.

37
Scene III "Culturally Acceptable" Behaviors
38
Sit close to your patients.
39
Watch your nonverbal communication!
40
60 of all human communication is
nonverbal, body language 30 is your tone,
so that means 90 of what you're saying
ain't coming out of your mouth. -Will
Smith in Hitch
41
Respect the differences in culture!
42
INTERMISSION
43
Scene IV Cultural Beliefs
44
Hispanic Cultural Beliefs

• Most Hispanics share some of the same core health
  and illness beliefs, values, and practices.
• Hispanics who are newly arrived from rural areas
  are more likely to hold traditional beliefs and
  values versus US born Hispanics who are more
  assimilated.
• Hispanics give low priority to health education
  and have low rates of preventative care.

45
Hispanic Cultural Beliefs

• Diet
• Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Child-rearing
  Practices
• Dying and Death Practices
• Hot and Cold Balance

46
Folk Illnesses

• Folk illnesses are health problems associated
  with members of a particular group and for which
  the culture provides etiology, diagnosis,
  prevention, and regimen of healing and which
  also have psychological and/or religious
  overtones.
• Ataque
• Bilis
• Empacho
• Mal de ojo
• Pasmo
• Susto

47
Health Seeking Patterns of Hispanics/Latino
Americans

• Woman is the initial health care provider
• Family plays an important role in all decisions
• The family then goes to the community for help,
  including the curandero
• Family consults the Western health care provider.

48
Scene V Health Service Resources
49
Ways to Implement Cultural Competency
50
Tools to use
51
Improv Scene
52

• Imagine you are a Health Educator who has to
  counsel a middle age female client who is a
  recent Cuban immigrant. You have to educate her
  on safe sexual practices. What is the culturally
  competent way to counsel her? Show us

53
After all, there is but one race... Humanity!
54

• THE END

55
Credits

• Trisha Soodeen
• Marcia Virgo
• Carla Gayle
• Whitney Howzell
• Kathryn Eclar
• Brittany Marshall

56
Special Guest appearances from

• Joseph Plaza
• Anna Mazzocchi
• and audience members

57
References

• www.hispanichealth.org
• http//www.healthri.org/chic/minority/lat_cul.php
• www.cdc.gov/hispanics
• http//www3.baylor.edu/Charles_Kemp/hispanic_heal
  th.htmreligion
• http//www.cdcnpin.org/scripts/population/culture.
  asp
• http//www.erc.msh.org/qualityculture
• Welch, Thomas MD. Culture and the
  patient-physician relationship Achieving
  cultural competency in health care. Journal of
  Pediatrics 136 (January 2000) 14-23
• The National Alliance for Hispanic Health.
  Quality Health Care Service for Hispanics The
  Cultural Competency Component. Health Resources
  and Services Administration and Office of
  Minority Health of the Dept of Health and Human
  Services 2001
• Van Servellen, G. (1997). Cultural Differences
  and Communication. In J. Colilla
  (ed.),Communication Skills for the Healthcare
  Professional Concepts and Techniques
  (pp.48-49).Gaithersburg, Maryland Aspen
  Publishers.

58

• It's not over yet....