African American Studies

1
African American Studies

• A New Chapter in the Academy

2
Demand

• In the 1960s amid controversy there grew a
  demand for African American or Black Studies.
• The demand for African American studies grew from
  Black students.
• As the Blacks were demanding more involvement in
  American government
• The civil rights and social equality moved on.

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Typical Unrest

• World War II saw a time when America . . .
• New hopes and African American emerged
• Civil rights organization like the NAACP renewed
  its efforts.
• Brown vs. the Board of Education led the way to
  school desegregation on 5/17/54.
• White protests grew intense.

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More challenges

• Rosa Parks remained in her seat.
• This triggered a series of boycotts all across
  the nation.
• On Feb. 1, 1960 4 students from North Carolina
  AT seated themselves at a segregated lunch
  counter at Woolworths.
• Despite being taunted the students sat passively.

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Nonviolence Deployed
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• A number of organizations arose
• SCLC
• SNCC
• CORE
• These groups worked with grassroots
  organizations.
• SNCC organized a local Black Panther Party in
  Lowdes County Alabama

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Beep Beep, Bang Bang Ungawa Black Power

• SNCC under Stokely Carmichael the group moved
  from integration to independent Black politics,
  self-determination and economic
  self-sufficiency.
• Black Power was born.
• This had an enormous effect on the masses of
  Black folk throughout the US.

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Power to the People

• The Black Panthers were founded in Oakland Ca in
  1966 and adopted the name and symbol of the
  defunct SNCC Black Panther political party.
• Members
• Original six Black Panthers (November, 1966) Top
  left to right Elbert "Big Man" Howard Huey P.
  Newton (Defense Minister), Sherman Forte, Bobby
  Seale (Chairman). Bottom Reggie Forte and Little
  Bobby Hutton (Treasurer).

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The Movement

• The leaders of the various organizations realized
  that in order for Black Power to become a reality
  they would have to utilize education and
  technological resources.
• The students looked toward college campuses for
  their role/complicity in the process.

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And so it began . . . .

• At many institutions students demanded a more
  inclusive curriculum to serve their needs and the
  needs of their communities.
• Initially at San Francisco State white student
  activists were able to get money from a sizeable
  budget to fund programs such as tutorials for
  children of the inner city.

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A Collusion

• White student programs along with the development
  of the BSU - Black Student Union lead to the
  initiation and growth of African American
  studies.
• In December of 1967 under pressure by the BSU the
  Acting President of the college virtually
  conceded a Black Studies Department and
  appointed Dr. Nathan Hare to develop the
  curriculum.
• However, the board of trustees stalled the
  program.

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Taking it to the . . . .

• The students then decided to strike and on
  November 6th effectively closed the college.
• Many of the student body supported their decision
  and participated in the strike.
• Finally at the end of 1968 San Francisco State
  College established a Black Studies Program.

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12
Three Approaches
13
Looking Through the Glass
14
Black Consciousness an Community Orientation

• Nathan Hare is the main proponent of this
  position.
• Strong connections Black Consciousness.
• Study lives and contributions Black have made.

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Kawaida Theory

• Maulana Karenga developed this theory.

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Afrocentricity Concept and Approach

• Molefi Asante
• Afrocentric approach in all things provides
  much better and healthier perspectives and
  solutions to problems that plague the African
  American community.

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