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Buddhism

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Title: Buddhism


1
Buddhism
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Profound Differences
  • Christianity
  • Buddhism
  • Human Person
  • Eternal, enduring, substantial soul
  • Final Destination
  • Heaven or Hell Final Judgment
  • Method to Achieving Goal
  • Accepting of revealed doctrinal Truths of Bible
    Love of God, Neighbor, Self
  • Human Person
  • Illusionary, temporary collection of 6
    aggregates, empty marked by Annica
    (impermanence), and dukkha (suffering)
  • Final Destination
  • Nirvana an extinguishing of consciousness
    non-existent union with the All
  • Method to Achieving Goal
  • Achieve wisdom through meditation and
    non-attachment

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A. Introduction
  • Began in Northern India (Nepal) around 530 BCE
  • A reaction to Hinduism
  • Polytheism
  • Corruption of the caste system
  • Buddhism stems from "Buddha", meaning he who is
    awake, who "woke up, the Awakened One

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B. Siddhartha, the prince
  • Born in Nepal (566-486 BCE)
  • Born to King Suddhodhana and Queen Mahamaya
  • Tradition Siddharthas father given prophecy
    son would be mighty ruler OR enlightened ascetic
    leading others to enlightenment

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  • Father driven to make sure his son would become
    his successor
  • Refused to expose Siddhartha to lifes miseries
  • Sid eventually married (16) and had a son

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1. The Four Passing Sights
  • While on a pleasure excursion, Siddhartha notices
    an 1) an old man 2) a diseased man 3) burial of
    corpse 4) wandering ascetic or holy man
  • Sid questions servant, Channa, who exposes Sid to
    the truths and realities of life denied him
  • Sid is reduced to tears and suffering

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  • Sid finally feels the pains of life and develops
    huge compassion for all humans
  • Sees wandering ascetic and wonders
  • Should he abandon
  • Luxury?
  • Power?
  • Family?

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2. The Great Going Forth
  • At 29, leaves everything to become a forest
    dweller
  • Joined five other ascetics
  • For six years slept on ground, ate only enough
    to live

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ASCETICISM
  • Assumption embrace the physical, lose soul
  • Deny body save soul very dualistic

Spirit
Body
Body
Spirit
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3. Doctrine of the Middle Way
  • Sid. realized an unhealthy body not conducive to
    spiritual development

Body
Spirit
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4. Buddhas Enlightenment
  • Sitting under a fig tree (Bo Tree, from bodhi
    wisdom)
  • Experiences enlightenment sees true nature of
    his existence
  • Buddha rejects Hindu teaching of Atman (the
    eternal, True-Self)
  • develops doctrine of No-Self, or Anatman

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  • Anatman idea that nothing has a permanent,
    unchanging character.
  • Everything in constant state of flux or change
    (no-self)
  • More one realizes no-self, the more connected,
    the more interrelated you become to all others,
    and all things.
  • Doctrine of the Middle Way, or Middle Path is key
    to achieving no-self
  • Essentially a psychological training and
    discipline of mind and body

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Buddhas Enlightenment
  • Realized his existence was a temporary collection
    of mental and physical sensations
  • Experienced pleasure when needs were met pain
    when they were not
  • Practice of mindfulness a self-analysis
  • rather than subduing his sensory or mental
    experiences, simply sat and watched them arise
    and fall

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C. The Dharma (Teaching Doctrines)
  • Four Noble Truths
  • Eightfold Path
  • Five Precepts
  • Three Marks of Existence
  • Nirvana

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1. The Four Noble Truths
  • 1) Dukkha reality of suffering dis-ease of life
  • 2) Tanha desire, or attachment, as root cause of
    Dukkha
  • 3) Nirodha ending of suffering is possible
  • 4) Magga (the cure) The Eightfold Path is the
    Path to Enlightenment

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Three Categories/Practices of Eightfold Path
  • Not very strict categories Main idea is that
    the inner life influences the outer life
  • 1.) Morality moral action brings about good
    Meditation
  • 2) Meditation brings about wisdom
  • 3) Wisdom gives rise to right moral actions

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2. The Eightfold Path A Course of Treatment for
Lifes ills
  1. Right Intentions
  2. Right Speech
  3. Right Views
  4. Right Conduct
  1. Right Livelihood
  2. Right Effort
  3. Right Mindfulness
  4. Right Meditation

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For Now.
  • How might the Eightfold Path be categorized by
    these three practices?
  • Morality Meditation Wisdom

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3. The Five Precepts
  • Buddhist Morality All lay Buddhists (Sangha, or
    community) are to refrain from
  • Destroying life
  • Stealing
  • Sexual misconduct monastics abstain
  • Untrue, deceitful speech
  • Using intoxicants

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4. The Three Marks of Existence
  • Dukkha (suffering)
  • Life has become disordered
  • Anicca (impermanence)
  • The realization of change
  • Anatta (no-self)
  • Since all things change, including the Self,
    there cannot be a permanent Self

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5. Nirvana
  • Nirvana literally to blow outthe flames of
    desire
  • possible to achieve in this lifetime
  • Selfish desire brings bad karma, keeping
    individual in samsara
  • A bodhisattva (Buddha in the making) enlightened
    teacher who vows to lead all others to
    enlightenment key ethic of compassion

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Sacred Places and Spaces
  • Temples (Therevadas)
  • places of communal meditation and offerings
  • Monks perform religious rites
  • Stupas relics of Buddha or his followers
  • Mahayana temples images of many other
    enlightened individuals (buddhas)
  • Pagodas large stupas usually decorated domes

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Places of Pilgrimages
  • Lumbini Gardens
  • Birth of Siddartha
  • Bodh Gaya
  • Bodhi tree where Buddha achieved enlightenment
  • Sarnath
  • Deer Park where the Buddha gave first sermon
  • Kushinara
  • Traditional death of the Buddha

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D. The Rafts (Sects)
  • Mahayana
  • Vajrayana / Tibetan
  • Chan / Zen
  • Hinayana / Theravada

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Theravadan Monks atop a monastery
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Mahayana Monks
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2a. Tibetan / Vajrayana
  • Vehicle of the Diamond
  • Dates back to 200 CE in Tibet
  • Has an official hierarchy lamas teachers
  • Dalai Lama ocean of wisdom
  • Goal is to fight selfish desires by focusing on
    good desires
  • Mantras monotonous, hypnotic, repeated phrases
  • Mudras choreographed hand movements
  • Mandalas and thangkas artistic symbols used to
    excite the senses

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The Dalai Lamathe 14th reincarnation of the
Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avilokiteshvara
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A thangka or yantra
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A mandala
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