?????????????? ??.???? ??????? Fulbright Scholar

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?????????????????????????
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?????????? ?/????
??????? ???. ????????????
?????????
?????????????? ??.???? ???????
Fulbright Scholar
????????????????????????????????????????????????
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ltSman4gt
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What is Organization Theory?
It is a way of thinking about organizations
Organization theory is a way to see and analyze
organizations more accurately and deeply than one
otherwise could. The way to see and think
about organizations is based on patterns and
regularities in organizational design and
behavior. ??.??.???? ???????
3
?????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????(classic)
?????????????? ??????????????????????????????(scie
ntific management)????????????????(administrative
principles)??? Frederic Taylor ??????????????
?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????? Administrativ
e principles ?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
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Henry Fayol ???????????????????????
??????????????????????? ?? ??? ???? unity of
command ?????????????????????????????????????????
??????? unity of direction ??????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? (close systems)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????
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????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ??????? ???????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
Rational, problem-solving, decision- making
systems
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? The postmodern Organization Paradigm ???????????
? ????? ??????????? ???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???
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Paradigm is a shared mid-set that represents a
fundamental way of thinking, perceiving and
understanding the world. ??????? ???
?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
? ??????????????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
Modern Contextual Variables Postmodern Stable
Environmental Turbulent Money, buildings, Form
of capital Information Machines Routine Technol
ogy Non-routine Large Size Small to
moderate
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Modern Contextual Variables Postmodern Growth,
efficiency Goals Learning, Eff
ectiveness Employees taken Culture Employee For
granted empowerment
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?????????????????
Organizational Outcomes Modern
Contextual Variables
Postmodern
Rigid centralized Structure
Flexible decentralized Distinct boundaries

diffuse boundaries Autocratic Leader
ship Servant leadership Formal,
written Communication Informal,
oral Beaurocratic Control
Decentralized Managers
Self-controled Pratriachal
Planningdecision making
Everyone
Guiding principles
Egalitarian????????????????

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????????????? ?? ??? ??? Henry Fayol
???????? 1.Division of work ???????????? 2.Authori
ty ????????????????????? 3.Discipline
???????????? 4. Unity of command
?????????????????????? 5.Unity of direction
??????????????????????? 6. Subordination of
individual interests to the general
interests ????????????????????????????????????????
?????????
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7. Remuneration ????????????? ?????? 8.Centralizat
ion ??????????? 9. Scalar chain
?????????????????????? 10. Order ??????
????????????????? 11. Equity ???????????????
?????????????? 12.Stability of tenure of
personnel ???????????????????? 13.Initiative
????????????????????? 14. Esprit de corps
??????????
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Organization Theory ????????????
???????????? ??????????????????
???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????
??????? ??? ??? ?????????????????????????
????????????????????????(macro) ????????????????
????????????????????(sociology)
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ????????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????(top management)
??????????????????????? ???????????????????
????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????
???????(middle management) ???????????????????????
??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????
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?????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ?? ? ?????
?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????? ????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
???????????
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?????????????????????????????? (multiple
Perspectives of Organization Theory) Richard L.
Daft Organization Theory and design,1998
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ? ???? ?????? ?.
?????????????????????????????(Rational-Contingency
Perspective) ???????????????????????????????????
???????(status quo) ???????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???
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Rational-Contingency Perspective ????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????
2.?????????????????????????????? (
Radical-Marxism Perspective) ?????????????????
????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
????????????????????????? (capitalist)
??????????????????????? ??????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ??? ????
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???????????????????????????? ???????????
????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????
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3.???????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ????????????????????
(Transaction-Cost Economics Perspective)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ???????????????????????????????? ??????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????? ?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????(???????-?????
??)????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
??? ???????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????(trust)???????????????????????
???????????????? ????????? ????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????? ????
???????????????(organization behavior)
????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? (Meso Theory) Meso ?????? ???????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
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?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
???????? ????????????????????????????
???????????????(????????????) ???????????????????(
???????????????)???????????????????????? ?????????
???????????????????????????
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?????????????????????? (Models of Public
Administration) H.George Frederickson. In New
Public Administration

• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ? ?????? ??????
• ?????????????????????????????(Classic
  Bureaucratic Model)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ?.? ??????? (Empirical Focus)
• .??????????????????????????(The organization)
• .????????????( The production group)

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.????????????????? (government Agency) .??????????
? (The bureau) .???????????? (The work group)
?.? ???????????? (Characteristics) .?????????????(
structure) .???????????????????????(hierarchy) .??
???????(Control) .???????????????(Authority)
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.????????????????????????????? (policy
administration dichotomy) .?????????????????(chain
of command) .??????????????????????? (unity of
command) .?????????????????????(span of
control) .????????????????????????????(merit
appointment) .???????????????????????????
(centralization)
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?.? ???????????????????????(Values to be
maximized) .???????????(Efficiency) .????????(Econ
omy) .??????????(Effectiveness)

?.? ?????????(??????????)
Max Weber, Frederick W.Taylor, Woodrow
Wilson, Luther H. Gulick, Lyndall Urwick.
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?. ???????????????????? Neoclassic Bureaucratic
Model ??????????????? ?.?. ???????(Empirical
Focus) .????????????????????? ????????????????????
??? ?.? ????????????(Characteristics) .????????
???????????????????????????????????(Logical-positi
vist) .?????????????????????(operations
research) .????????????????(Systems analysis)
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. ?????????????, ????????????????????(Cybernetics,
Zone of acceptance) .??????????????(Management
Science) .??????????????(Productivity)
?.? ???????????????????????(Values to be
maximized) .????????????(Rationality) ??????????
(Efficiency) .????????(Economy)
.?????????????? (Productivity)
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?.? ?????????(??????????) Herbert
Simon, Richard Cyert, James March.
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?. ???????????? (Institutional Model) ????????????
?????? ?.? ???????(Empirical Focus) .?????????????
????????????????????????? (Rational and
incremental) .???????????????????????(Organization
al behavior, open systems) .??????????????????????
?(Individual and Organizational
behavior) .??????????????????(Bureau and
profession) .??????????????????????????(?????????)
(Comparative organizational behavior (power).
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?.? ???????????? (Characteristics)
???????????????? (Empirical, positivist) ?????????
???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????
???????????? ?????????????????????? (Culture,
survival,competition, technology, rationality,
incrementalism, power)
?.? ??????????????????????? (Values to be
maximized) ??????????? ???????????????????????????
?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????
?????? (Pluralism, criticism)
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?.? ????????? (??????????) (Theorists) James
Thomson Frederick Mosher Amitai
Etzioni Charles Lindbloom, etc.
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?. ??????????????????? (Human Relations
Model) ??????????????????
?.? ??????? (Empirical Focus) .???????????????????
(Individual and work group) .?????????????????????
?????????????(Supervisor/worker
relations .?????????????????????????????????(Super
visor/worker performance) .??????????????????????
(Behavior change)
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?.? ???????????? (Characteristics) ???????????????
????????????????????????(Interpersonal and
intergroup relations) ????????????????(Communicati
ons) ??????????(Sanctions) ????????
(Motivations) ?????????????????????????????
(Training for change) ??????????????(Shared
authority)
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???????????????????????????? (Procedural
correctness) ???????????????? (Consensus)
?.? ??????????????????????? (Values to be
maximized) ???????????????????????????????????(Wor
ker satisfaction) ???????????????????????????(Pers
onal growth) ??????????????????????(Individual
dignity)
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?.? ?????????(??????????) (Theorists) Douglas
McGregor, Rensis Likert Warren G.Bennis Chris
Argyris
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?. ?????????????????????? (Public choice
Model) ??????????????????
?.? ??????? (Empirical focus) ???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????? (Organizat
ion/client relations and public goods
distribution) ???????????????????????????????????
?????(Decentralized overlapping
structures) ?????????????????????????????????(Pub
lic sector as market)
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?????????????????????????????????????????????(Cli
ent group size and public service
distribution) ???????????????????????????????????
(Leadership and goods distribution) ?????????????
?????????(Performance contracting)
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?.? ???????????? (Characteristics) ??????????????
???(Anti bureaucratic) ??????????????????????????
????????????????????????? (Application of
economic logic to problems of public service
distribution) ??????????????????????? ???????
(Highly analytic, market dialogues) ????????????(
Contracts) ????????????(Smallness) ????????????
?? ???????????? (Decentralization and bargaining)
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?.? ???????????????????????(values to be
maximized) ????????????????????????????(Citizen
options or choices) ?????????????????????????????
????????????????? ( Equal access to
services) ??????????(Competition)
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?.? ?????????(??????????) (Theorists) Vincent
Ostrom, Buchanan, Tullock, Olson, Mitchell,
Frohlich, Oppenheimer, Young, Niskanan