Warm Up Ch 26

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Warm Up Ch 26

1. What product made ships stronger and larger?
2. Alfred Nobel invented what?
3. 2 things railroads did
4. Middle class vs. Working class women
5. What did Karl Marx believe?
6. Who unifies Germany?
7. What US commander opened Japan for trade?

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Chapter 27 New Imperialism
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• I. Motives and Methods
• A. Political Motives
• Desire to gain national prestige
• Governors would take over neighboring territories
  and then inform home government
• Do first ask questions later
• B. Cultural Motives
• Missionaries went to civilize colonies through
  Christianity
• White Mans BurdenEuropeans are morally and
  culturally superior and it is their
  responsibility to civilize colonies
• Young men were attracted to adventure and glory
  showing their nationalism overseas

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• C. Economic Motives
• Industrialization of Europe and NA stimulated
  demand for minerals and crops (sugar, coffee,
  tea, and tobacco)
• Entrepreneurs looked for profit in mines,
  plantations, and railroads in Asia, Africa, and
  Latin America
• Looked for support of home government for
  diplomacy and military power

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• D. Tools of the Imperialist
• Europeans were given greater mobility through
  steamships, railroads, submarine cables, and the
  Suez Canal
• Discovery of quinine could prevent malaria
• Impact Europeans can travel through Africa
  safely
• Breech loading guns were faster and more accurate
• Smokeless powder made automatic firearms not jam
• Machine guns now created a larger gap between
  African and European firearms

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• British troops are taking quinine July 1916

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• E. Colonial Agents and Administration
• Home countries looked to industrialize colonies
• Modern scientific and industrial methods were
  added to the colonies
• Indirect Ruleleave ruler and rule from home
  country
• Direct Ruletake out leader and put in your own
• Protectorate retaining traditional government
  and western country protects you (not independent
  country)
• Mafia
• Youth in colonial countries trained for modern
  jobs like clerks, nurses, police officers,
  customs inspectors

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• 1895 Maxim gun used in African Imperialism

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• II. The Scramble for Africa
• A. Egypt
• Egypt built the Suez canal with French and
  British money
• French sold shares to the Egyptians Egyptians
  sold their shares to British and in 1882 British
  sent armies to secure their loans through
  indirect rule
• Europe developed colonies and these technologies
  in Africa really only benefited the elite
  landowners and merchants

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• B. Western Africa
• French built railroads in West Africa
• Otto von Bismark called the Berlin Conference in
  1885 to lay out framework of the African
  territories
• Africans were not invited to the conference
• When European nations claimed a territory then
  were required to tell other nations and prove it
  could control
• Current boundaries in Africa derived out of the
  Berlin Conference
• Trade happened mostly on the coast but now
  railroads can connect central and coastal Africa

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• C. Southern Africa
• Cecil Rhodes used his British South African
  Company to take control of Central Africa
• By 1880s British policy in South Africa is set by
  Cecil Rhodes
• Gold is discovered on Boer (Dutch) lands, but
  they refuse to grant political rights to
  foreigners, including the British
• Cecil gets rich off diamond and gold companies
  and gains control of a territory north of the
  Transvaal and names it Rhodesia

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Cecil Rhodes
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• The Boer War 1899-1902
• The Boers, although greatly outnumbered, use
  guerrilla warfare and gain the advantage
• The Boers are eventually defeated and their land
  goes to Britain
• 1910 Union of South Africa
• Combines Cape Colony and the Boer republics into
  a self-governing nation within the British Empire
• Only white people could vote
• Apartheid South African governments official
  policy of legalized racial segregation

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• D. Political and Social Consequences
• In the scramble for Africa Italy tries to conquer
  Ethiopia and is unsuccessful
• Europeans make money from cash crops and the land
  was given to European companies and planters
• Hut taxes and head taxes were common forcing some
  Africans to cities and mining camps
• E. Cultural Responses
• Missionaries were the most common Europeans
  Africans would make contact with
• Missionaries taught both western ideas and crafts

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• Africans now are educated in Christianity and are
  using this knowledge to critique colonialism
• Muslims knowledge is expanding as well throughout
  Africa
• III. Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific
• A. Central Asia
• Qing dynasty fell and the Russians are now able
  to expand southward
• B. Southeast Asia and Indonesia
• Burma, Malaya, Indochina, and Sumatra all were
  conquered by Social Darwinism

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• British Imperialism

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• Reason all areas had fertile soil and high
  developed agriculture
• Impact Immigration from India and Chinese
  laborers to Southeast Asia and the spread of
  Islam
• C. Hawaii and Philippines
• Between 1870-1914 the U.S. becomes an industrial
  power with a foreign empire
• US Gains Samoa, depose Queen Liliuokalani and
  annex Hawaii in 1898
• Reason have lots of sugar plantations there
• 1898 Spanish-American War win and gain Puerto
  Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
• Impact Filipinos are angry and want independence
  and one Filipino even assassinates President
  McKinley

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• IV. Imperialism in Latin America
• A. Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
• British and US entrepreneurs funded
  industrialization in Latin AmericaWhy?
• The elite of Latin America knew this was easiest
  and quickest way to industrialized
• B. American Expansionism and Spanish American War
• Monroe Doctrine states that Europeans can no
  longer intervene in Western Hemisphere affairs
• US beats Spain in War and gains Puerto Rico and
  Cuba becomes independent with US overseeing

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• policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823,
  which stated that further efforts by European
  countries to colonize land or interfere with
  states in the Americas would be viewed by the
  United States of America as acts of aggression
  requiring US intervention

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• C. American intervention in Latin America
• Panama Canal
• French began constructing the canal in 1880
• French abandoned 13 years later after 22,000
  deaths from malaria and yellow fever
• US launches an effort 5,600 die but canal is
  opened in 1914
• The United States, under President Theodore
  Roosevelt, bought out the French equipment and
  excavations for US40 million and began work on
  May 4, 1904. The United States paid Colombia
  25,000,000 in 1921, seven years after completion
  of the canal, for redress of President
  Roosevelt's role in the creation of Panama, and
  Colombia recognized Panama under the terms of the
  Thomson-Urrutia Treaty.

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• V. World Economy and Global Environment
• A. Expansion of the World Economy
• Age of Imperialism brought new technologies and
  trade to distant and underdeveloped places
• Canals, steamships, harbor improvements (locks),
  and railroads cut cost and time
• B. Transformation of Global Environment
• Agriculture in new places could now support
  larger populations but put pressure on the land