GROWTH AND DIVISION

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CHAPTER 7

• GROWTH AND DIVISION
• 1816-1832
• Madison 1809-1817 War of 1812
• Monroe 1817-1825 Era of Good
• 
  Feelings
• J.Q. Adams 1825-1829 Corrupt Bargain
  Jackson 1829-1837 Old Hickory

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CHAPTER 7 Sec 1American Nationalism

• Monroes Era of Good Feelings.
• A. Economic Nationalism a new
• program to bind the nation together.
• 1. A new national bank. (national
  currency)
• 2. Protection of American manu-
• facturers from foreign competition.
• (Tariff of 1816)
• 3. Building roads and canals. (private
• businesses and local governments
  funded this)

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• B. Judicial Nationalism
• John Marshall helped unify the nation by
  ruling in three important cases that established
  dominance of the nation over the states.

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• 1. Martin v. Hunters Lessee decided that the
  Supreme Court had the authority to hear all
  appeals of state court decisions in cases
  involving federal statutes and treaties.
  ASSERTED THE SUPREME COURTS SOVEREIGNTY OVER
  STATE COURTS.
• The Supreme Court is the nations court of
  final appeal.

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• 2. McCulloch v. Maryland
• Upheld constitutionality of the Bank of the
  U.S. doctrine of implied powers provided
  Congress more flexibility to enact legislation.
• Taxing the national bank was a form of
  interference therefore unconstitutional.
• Maryland
  National Bank

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• 3. Gibbons v. Ogden
• Revoked an existing state monopoly
• Supreme Court gave Congress the right to
  
• regulate interstate commerce.
• Hudson River
  N.J.

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• C. NATIONAL DIPLOMACY
• 1. Jackson invades Florida.
• a. Seminoles Creek Native Americans
  who had fled to Florida and took a new name.
  Kinache leader.
• Secretary of War Calhoun sent General Jackson
  into Florida to stop Seminoles from attacking in
  the South, but Jackson went too far and
  infuriated the Spanish. Eventually, the Spanish
  ceded Florida to the U.S. in the
• Adams-Onis Treaty and set
• the new boundaries for the U.S.
• 
  Florida

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Chapter 7 Sec 1
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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• 2. THE MONROE DOCTRINE
• Spain now has
• only three islands Cuba,
• Puerto
  Rico,
• Santo
  Domingo
• In EUROPE Great Britain,
• Austria, Prussia, and Russia
• (later France joins) form the
• Quadruple Alliance.
• All but G.B. want to help Spain
• regain its colonies in the
• Americas.

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Chapter 7, Sec 1

• THE PURPOSE OF THE
• QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE

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Chapter 7, Sec 1

• President Monroe declared in 1823 that the
  American continents were
• henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
  future colonization by any European powers.
• NOTE This was a bold act
• because the U.S. might
• not have been able to
• back it up!

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Chapter 7 Sec 1

• ACTIONS THAT STRENGTHENED THE U.S. FEDERAL
  GOVERNMENT

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Chapter 7, Sec 2EARLY INDUSTRY

• The Erie Canal - 1825

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• I. A Revolution in Transportation
• A. Roads and Turnpikes.
• The National Road - the only
• federally funded transportation project
• of its time. Other toll roads were laid
  by
• states, localities, and private
  businesses.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• B. Steamboats and Canals
• 1. The Clermont 1807
• Robert Fulton Robert Livingston
  created the steamboat that made river travel more
  reliable upstream travel easier. By 1840
  more than 3,300 miles of canals existed in the
  U.S.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• 2. The IRON HORSE
• Peter Cooper TOM THUMB
• carried the first 40 passengers at the
  speed
• of 10 miles per hour along 13 miles
  of track
• in Maryland.
• PERHAPS more than an
• other mode of transportation,
• trains helped settle the West
• expand trade between the
• nations different regions.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• II. A NEW SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION
• A. The Industrial Revolution comes to
• America.
• 1. FREE ENTERPRISE the ability to
  acquire capital and make individual choices about
  how to use it without strict government controls.
• 2. Samuel Slater - risked
  imprisonment
• when he reconstructed the British water frame
  from memory in Rhode Island.
• 3. Francis C. Lowell opened textile
  mills in NE Massachusetts and introduced mass
  production of cotton cloth to the U.S.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• B. Technological Advances
• 1. ELI WHITNEY introduced
• interchangeable parts - factory assembly
• 2. Samuel F.B. Morse - telegraph
• Morse Code. The Associated Press were
• a group of newspapers who used the telegraph
• to share news over the wires.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• III. The Rise of Large Cities
• A. People from
• farms and villages
• began to move to the
• city to work in factories.
• B. The publishing industry arose to satisfy
  the growing demand for reading materials.
• C. Many educated
• women were writers,
• editors, teachers.

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Chapter 7, Sec 2

• IV. WORKERS BEGIN TO ORGANIZE
• A. The Factory Worker 1.3 million by
• 1860.
• B. LABOR UNIONS - workers who
• wanted to improve working
• conditions such as higher wages or
• shorter workdays. They used
• strikes work stoppages.
• Most early unions had little success.

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CHAPTER 7, Sec 2

• V. THE FAMILY FARM
• A. Agriculture remained
• the countrys leading economic activity.
• B. The South continued to concentrate on
  agriculture which needed the institution of
  slavery.
• C. The North parts of the
• North began concentrating on manufacturing.

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Chapter 7, Sec 3The Land of Cotton
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CHAPTER 7, Section 3

• I. Southern Economy.
• A. Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky,
• Tennessee tobacco (cash crop)
• B. SC Georgia Rice (cash crop)
• C. LA TX Sugarcane (cash crop)
• D. Inland SC and west through GA, AL,
• MS, and into Eastern TX COTTON

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• E. Eli Whitney - The Cotton Gin a machine
• that combed seeds out of cotton bolls.
• COTTON IS KING
• became the slogan of
• the South as cotton
• production skyrocketed.
• However, it also strengthen the institution
  of
• SLAVERY.
• Between 1820 1850 slaves rose from
• 1.5 million to nearly 4 million.

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• F. INDUSTRY LAGS IN THE SOUTH.
• 1. Only three large cities in the South
• Baltimore, Charleston, New Orleans
• 2. Industry Coal, iron, salt, copper
  mines
• 3. Only 16 of the nations manufacturing
• was in the South

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CHAPTER 7, Sec 3

• II. SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH.

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

III. SLAVERY 1. Most enslaved people
worked in the fields in the South however, some
worked in industrial plants or as skilled workers
such as blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers. Some
were house servants. 2. On farms small
plantations the TASK System was used. 3. On
large plantations the GANG System was used.
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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• 4. Frederick Douglas prominent leader
• of the anti-slavery movement.
• SLAVE CODES
• 1. Could not own property.
• 2. Could not leave slaveholders premises
  
• without permission.
• 3. Could not possess firearms.
• 4. Could not testify against a white
  person in
• court.
• 5. Could not learn to read write.
• THEY WERE CONSIDERED PROPERTY.

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS
• 1. By 1850 some 225,000 free African
• Americans lived in the South most
• lived in Maryland and Virginia.
• 2. About 196,000 lived in the North.

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• IV. COPING WITH SLAVEMENT
• A. African American Culture
• 1. SONGS helped them pass the
• day for
  leisure
• some had
  secret
• meanings.
• Nobody Knows de
  trouble Ive Seen
• Swing Low Sweet
  Chariot
• Deep River

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• 2. RELIGION. Large numbers of
  African Americans were Christians however, they
  did incorporate many of their African religious
  traditions.
• B. RESISTANCE REBELLION.
• 1. Some used work slowdowns
• 2. Broke tools, set fires
• 3. Some ran away
• 4. Some turned on the owners

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Chapter 7, Sec 3

• 5. UPRISINGS
• Denmark Vesey free slave who was
  hanged for an uprising in Charleston, SC.
• Nat Turner enslaved minister in VA
• who believed God had chosen him to
• bring his people out of bondage. He and
• others killed 50 white men,
• women, children and was
• caught and sentenced
• to hang.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4GROWING SECTIONALISM

• IN 1819 the Union consisted of
• 11 FREE STATES 11 SLAVE STATES

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• I. The Missouri Compromise
• A. Missouri territory requested
• permission to enter as a slave
• state in 1819.
• B. Congressman Tallmadge (NY) proposed
• no new slaves could be brought into
• Missouri
• enslaved children living in the state
  would
• be freed at the age of 25.
• The House approved it, but the Senate
• rejected it.
• Northerners voted for it, but Southerners
  voted
• against it.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• C. Maine (had been part of Massachusetts)
• wanted to enter the union as a separate
• state. The Senate combined Maines
  request
• with Missouris request. Missouri would
  be a
• slave state and Maine would be a free
  state.
• THIS PRESERVED THE BALANCE IN THE SENATE.
• D. NEXT Sen. Thomas of Illinois proposed an
  
• amendment to prohibit slavery in the LA
• Purchase territory north of Missouris
• southern border. Slavery could expand
  into
• Arkansas, but no where else.
• E. HENRY CLAY helped get it voted through.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• F. NEW PROBLEM Pro-slavery members of
  Missouris constitutional convention added a
  clause that prohibited free African Americans
  from entering the state. Clay got the Missouri
  legislature not to recognize the clause so that
  Missouri would be voted in as a state.
• Missouri Maine

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Chapter 7, Sec 4
Men who enjoyed the support of leaders in their
own state or region.

• II. THE ELECTION OF 1824
• A. FOUR CANDIDATES
• All Republicans All favorite
  sons
• WEST Henry Clay (KY) (for American
• 
  System)
• Andrew Jackson (TN) (known
• 
  as a hero)
• NEW ENGLAND John Q. Adams (MA)
• (for Internal
  improvements)
  
  
• SOUTH William Crawford (GA) (for
• States rights strict
  constitution)

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• B. ELECTION DAY
• Jackson won the popular vote.
• No candidate won a majority of the
• Electoral College.
• The House had to decide who won
• between the top three candidates.
• Clay was eliminated, but he had a lot of
• influence in the House. He backed
  Adams.
• RESULTS Adams 13 votes WINNER !
• Jackson - 7 votes
• Crawford 4 votes

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• Clay
• C. CORRUPT BARGAIN
• 1. Clay was accused of arranging votes
  for Adams in return for a cabinet post.
• 2. Adams named Clay as his Secretary
  of State after he was elected.
• 3. No evidence of a deal was ever
  found, but Jacksons supporters began to be
  called Democratic-Republicans, then called
  National Republicans and later they were called
• Democrats.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• III. John Quincy Adams
• as President
• Adams wanted a
• national university, scientific
• research standard improvements
• however, Congress only granted funds to
• improve rivers harbors and to extend
• the National Road westward.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• IV. THE ELECTION OF 1828.
• A. John Q. Adams vs. Andrew Jackson
• won 56
  of the
• OLD
  popular vote
• HICKORY
  178/261 Electoral
• 
  votes
• B. MUDSLINGING criticizing each others
  personalities and morals, was used in the
  election on both sides.

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Chapter 7, Sec 4

• DIVISIVE ISSUES OF THE 1820s

2. States rights
1. SLAVERY